{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:52:26Z","timestamp":1786121546397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010067","name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Root-knot nematodes are pest of many plant species, particularly in southern Europe, where\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. arenaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. javanica<\/jats:italic>\n                    are the most common species. In\n                    <jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>\n                    rootstock breeding, restrictions on nematicide use has increased importance of incorporating genetic resistance. Three resistance genes have been identified in\n                    <jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>\n                    :\n                    <jats:italic>Ma<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>RMja<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>RMia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The latter is a TNL gene located on the linkage group 2 that confers resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>M. arenaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. ethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Resistance is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous dominant genotypes, but not in homozygous recessive individuals. To improve the precision of existing markers and develop markers more closely associated with\n                    <jats:italic>RMia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    characterization of the genomic region containing this gene was conducted in six\n                    <jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes using \u2018Texas\u2019 almond reference genome v2.0 and a BAC sequence containing\n                    <jats:italic>RMia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Comparative analysis identified, in the almond reference genome, the resistance-associated insertion previously reported in peach, characterized it as the LTR982 retrotransposon present only in the susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>RMia<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotype. This previously described structural polymorphism was used to develop novel codominant molecular markers targeting conserved flanking regions. Among the primer pairs tested, three showed high discriminatory capacity. RTP-RMia-F3\/R3 amplified a fragment in heterozygous and homozygous recessive individuals, but not in homozygous dominants. The ACI_9660_2 and NEM_6908_4 primers reliably distinguished resistant from susceptible genotypes. Together, these markers provide valuable tools for marker-assisted selection in\n                    <jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>\n                    rootstock breeding, enabling both resistance screening and allelic discrimination. The molecular results were further validated in hybrid rootstock genotypes through artificial inoculation assays.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1918119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:28:21Z","timestamp":1786080501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel PCR markers for discriminating RMia resistance alleles in Prunus rootstock breeding"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Bielsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agroalimentaria de Arag\u00f3n, Avda","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n \u2013 IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agroalimentaria de Arag\u00f3n, Avda","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Rubio-Cabetas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agroalimentaria de Arag\u00f3n, Avda","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n \u2013 IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Grimplet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agroalimentaria de Arag\u00f3n, Avda","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n \u2013 IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14538","article-title":"Transposons played a major role in the diversification between the closely related almond and peach genomes: results from the almond genome sequence","volume":"101","author":"Alioto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Nematode extractions and bioassays","volume-title":"An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Methodology","author":"Barker","year":"1985"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.136.3.190","article-title":"Construction of a Linkage Map and Identification of Resistance Gene Analog Markers for Root-knot Nematodes in Wild Peach, Prunus kansuensis","volume":"136","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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