{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:01:55Z","timestamp":1789970515951,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/01499 awarded to AB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/01499 awarded to AB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Common buckwheat (\n                    <jats:italic>Fagopyrum esculentum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a climate-resilient pseudocereal; however, its global adoption is constrained by the heteromorphic self-incompatibility associated with distyly. While the\n                    <jats:italic>S-locus early flowering 3<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>FeS-ELF3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene has been identified as a key regulator of self-compatibility, a stable genetic transformation of\n                    <jats:italic>F. esculentum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has not yet been developed. In this study, we established an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for\n                    <jats:italic>F. esculentum<\/jats:italic>\n                    by adapting\n                    <jats:italic>an F. tataricum<\/jats:italic>\n                    procedure, incorporating a heat-shock treatment at 43\u00a0\u00b0C for 5\u00a0min. This achieved a transgenic frequency of 27.27% among regenerated plants (6\/22) and an absolute editing efficiency of 4.55% (1\/22) in the agronomically relevant \u2018Panda\u2019 cultivar. Targeted knockout of\n                    <jats:italic>FeS-ELF3 via<\/jats:italic>\n                    CRISPR\/Cas9 yielded a self-compatible line with long-homostylous flowers. Plants derived from this single edited founder event exhibited architectural shifts - specifically reduced height and shorter inflorescences \u2013 without an apparent reduction in seed yield under greenhouse conditions. Because these observations stem from a single edited line, further evaluation of independent mutant lines or complementation assays is required to definitively distinguish\n                    <jats:italic>FeS-ELF3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific pleiotropic effects. Nevertheless, this study provides a proof-of-concept for overcoming self-incompatibility and establishes a genomic framework for the rapid improvement of\n                    <jats:italic>Fagopyrum esculentum<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1919002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:35:14Z","timestamp":1789968914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated FeS-ELF3 inactivation overcomes heteromorphic self-incompatibility in common buckwheat"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Pinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice","place":["Katowice, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zaranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w","place":["Krak\u00f3w, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Lusinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice","place":["Katowice, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Kopec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Franciszek G\u00f3rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences","place":["Krak\u00f3w, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Plazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture","place":["Krak\u00f3w, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Betekhtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice","place":["Katowice, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3109\/10520296909063335","article-title":"Differential staining of aborted and nonaborted pollen","volume":"44","author":"Alexander","year":"1969","journal-title":"Stain Technol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu048","article-title":"Cas-OFFinder: a fast and versatile algorithm that searches for potential off-target sites of Cas9 RNA-guided endonucleases","volume":"30","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173537","article-title":"Nuclear genome stability in long-term cultivated callus lines of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) 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