{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T06:00:17Z","timestamp":1785218417470,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The genus\n                    <jats:italic>Salsola<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Amaranthaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) comprises approximately 130 species distributed across Asia, Africa, and Europe, many of which possess important medicinal, horticultural, and ecological significance. Known for its remarkable ecological plasticity,\n                    <jats:italic>Salsola<\/jats:italic>\n                    species thrive in arid, semi-arid, and saline-alkaline environments, serving as key components of desert plant communities. However, extreme environmental pressures have driven convergent evolution, resulting in morphological similarities that obscure phylogenetic relationships. While this structural complexity offers significant horticultural potential, the genus\u2019s evolutionary branching remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed complete plastomes of 14 well-defined\n                    <jats:italic>Salsola<\/jats:italic>\n                    species to resolve these primary phylogenetic lineages. The results show that\n                    <jats:italic>Salsola<\/jats:italic>\n                    plastomes range from 149,653 to 152,969 bp in length and harbor 130 annotated genes. These sequences exhibit high synteny, with inverted repeat (IR) regions showing greater conservation than single-copy regions. Our phylogenetic analysis resolved the genus into two basal clades. One clade predominantly consists of annual herbs (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>S. brachiata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. collina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>S. ruthenica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), while the other includes the shrub\n                    <jats:italic>S. arbuscula<\/jats:italic>\n                    and semi-shrubs such as\n                    <jats:italic>S. orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. passerina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>S. abrotanoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    . From the perspective of complete plastome data, our results appear to support\n                    <jats:italic>Salsola<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a well-supported monophyletic lineage. Nevertheless, this inference should be treated with caution because it is based solely on plastome evidence; broader taxon sampling and nuclear genomic data will be needed to further test this conclusion. By providing complete plastome resources for representative\n                    <jats:italic>Salsola<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, this study offers a genomic foundation for future taxonomic clarification, species identification, germplasm conservation, medicinal and horticultural utilization of the genus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1919433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:37:23Z","timestamp":1785217043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plastome variation and phylogenetic relationships of Salsola species in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yiheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University","place":["Alar, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering","place":["Handan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering","place":["Handan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering","place":["Handan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering","place":["Handan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjuan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Xishuangbanna, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1086\/518263","article-title":"Diversification of the old world salsoleae s.l. 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