{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:04:57Z","timestamp":1790057097517,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vegetation coverage significantly affects the ecological functioning of forest ecosystem. While deciduous forests with various leaf forms employ distinct ecological strategies, their vegetation coverage dynamics across the growing season and intra-seasonal periods, as well as their responses to climatic change, remain unclear. Leaf Area Index (LAI) serves as a primary parameter of physiological functional status for canopies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using MODIS LAI data, this study analyzed variations in LAI of deciduous needleleaf forests (LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DNF<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and deciduous broadleaf forests (LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) across the Northern Hemisphere and assessed their climatic drivers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study revealed that from 2003 to 2021, LAIDBF and LAIDNF during the growing season exhibited increased rates of 0.91\u00b710\n                      <jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 0.92\u00b710\n                      <jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>\n                      m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      m\n                      <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                      yr\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively; however, their intra-seasonal patterns differed significantly. LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      increased significantly in both June\u2013August and September, whereas the significant increase in LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DNF<\/jats:sub>\n                      was primarily concentrated in June\u2013August. The increase in precipitation was associated with a general decrease in LAI for both forest types during the growing season and in varied periods; conversely, rising temperatures increased LAI across the growing season, in both May and June\u2013August across all leaf forms. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that the responses of LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      and LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DNF<\/jats:sub>\n                      to temperature changes in September diverged to some extent: warming was positively associated with an increased LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      but showed no statistically significant change in LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DNF<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Interestingly, we identified asymmetric associations of LAI with diurnal warming: warming during the day had a notably more pronounced positive impact on both LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      and LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DNF<\/jats:sub>\n                      in most regions, whereas the response of LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      to nighttime warming showed spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, nighttime warming was positively associated with LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      in areas with favorable thermal conditions (eastern United States), but negatively associated with LAI\n                      <jats:sub>DBF<\/jats:sub>\n                      in cold, high-latitude regions (northeast China).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight the seasonally distinct responses of two deciduous forest types to climatic change and suggest that the asymmetric impacts of diurnal warming on different leaf forms should be incorporated into forest canopy leaf area dynamic prediction models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1919632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:40:00Z","timestamp":1790055600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Divergent impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on leaf area index of deciduous broadleaf and needleleaf forests in the Northern Hemisphere"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mills College, Northeastern University","place":["Oakland, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianguo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2003.00026.x","article-title":"Global synthesis of leaf area index observations: implications for ecological and remote sensing studies","volume":"12","author":"Asner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Global Ecol. 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