{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:13:09Z","timestamp":1790143989495,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The root knot nematode (RKN;\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a very serious biotic constraint that limits the yield potential of bittergourd. The resistance within the cultivated germplasm of bittergourd is limited, therefore, introgressing resistance from related species of bittergourd offers a sustainable breeding solution. In this study, a RKN-susceptible cultivated parent\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>charantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    cv. Punjab-14 was crossed with resistant wild species of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>balsamina<\/jats:italic>\n                    cv. Punjab Jhaar Karela-1 to generate F\n                    <jats:sub>2:3<\/jats:sub>\n                    mapping population. A genetic linkage map was constructed via Genotyping-by Sequencing (GBS). Joint phenotyping and genotyping analysis identified a total of five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing RKN resistance. Under artificial screening, two QTLs namely QTLs\n                    <jats:italic>qRKN_pau6.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (chromosome 6) and\n                    <jats:italic>qRKN_pau11.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (chromosome 11) were detected, explaining 10.11% and 7.53% of phenotyping variance (PVE), respectively. Under field conditions, three QTLs namely,\n                    <jats:italic>qRKN_pau3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>qRKN_pau6.2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>qRKN_pau9.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were mapped on chromosome 3, 6 and 9 accounting for 9.09%, 6.49% and 9.16% PVE respectively. The major artificial screening locus\n                    <jats:italic>qRKN_pau6.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was successfully validated using kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) assays. One diagnostic KASP marker, BGST_19012274 and one linked marker BGST_29234979 located within the resistance-associated genomic region, narrowed the genetic interval to 4.23 cM and 19.05 cM, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on pathogen resistance introgression from\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>balsamina<\/jats:italic>\n                    into\n                    <jats:italic>M. charantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and provides the first SNP-validated blueprint for marker-assisted selection against\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                    in bittergourd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1920925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:55:34Z","timestamp":1790142934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Meloidogyne incognita resistance QTLs using high density GBS linkage map in bittergourd"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shipra","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University","place":["Ludhiana, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamta","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University","place":["Ludhiana, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navraj Kaur","family":"Sarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University","place":["Ludhiana, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhjeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University","place":["Ludhiana, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharminder","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant breeding and genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana","place":["Ludhiana, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University","place":["Ludhiana, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Fastqc: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data\n          \n          \n            \n              Andrews\n              S.\n            \n          \n          \n          2010"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15062-4_2","article-title":"Botanical description of bitter gourd","volume-title":"The Bitter Gourd Genome","author":"Asna","year":"2020"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003376","article-title":"Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers","volume":"3","author":"Baird","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/60.4.356","article-title":"Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety","volume":"60","author":"Basch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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