{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:19:37Z","timestamp":1787552377962,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD2200502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2200502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Quantifying long-term trade-offs and synergies among forest ecosystem services (ESs) is essential for adaptive management, yet the strength and drivers of these interactions over long timescales remain poorly understood. Seven key ESs in the Great Khingan Mountains (GKM), northeast China, were assessed from 1990 to 2024 using multi-source remote sensing data, including water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), habitat quality (HQ), leisure and recreation (LR), carbon fixation and oxygen release (CF), climate regulation (CR), and net primary productivity (NPP). A Trade-off\u2013Synergy Strength (TSS) metric was developed to characterize both the direction and composite magnitude of pairwise ES co-change. SHAP, and self-organizing maps were integrated to identify dominant drivers and ES bundles. Results showed that SC, CF, CR, and NPP generally increased, whereas WY declined; HQ decreased markedly during 2020\u20132024, and LR peaked in 2015 before declining. ES interactions were mainly synergy-dominated, although LR-related pairs exhibited persistent trade-offs. Climatic variables accounted for 52.1% of the mean absolute SHAP contribution to TSS variation, while topographic factors mainly shaped ES bundle organization. Under the climatic-change conditions examined in the GKM, SHAP-based analyses suggested that positive TSS responses were generally associated with radiation, precipitation, and temperature growth rates ranging from \u22128.00 to 5.59 MJ\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7yr\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , \u22120.74 to 0.03 mm\u00b7yr\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and \u22123.22 to 1.74\u00a0\u00b0C\u00b7yr\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. These findings provide scientific support for climate-adaptive forest management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1921235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:31:16Z","timestamp":1787549476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-decadal dynamics of ecosystem service interactions in boreal forests (NE China): trade-off synergy strength, drivers, and thresholds"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University","place":["Baoding, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingbo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x","article-title":"Local indicators of spatial association\u2014LISA","volume":"27","author":"Anselin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geogr. Anal."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123884","article-title":"Exploring hydrochemical drivers of drinking water quality in a tropical river basin using self-organizing maps and explainable AI","volume":"284","author":"Appukuttan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155121","article-title":"Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests","volume":"320","author":"Bonan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12143","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality: challenges and solutions","volume":"5","author":"Byrnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2021.e01886","article-title":"Precipitation dominants synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"785","article-title":"XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2025.114426","article-title":"Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanism of cropland ecosystem health: a perspective based on the contributions of climate change and human activities","volume":"181","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107880","article-title":"Variations in active layer soil hydrothermal dynamics of typical wetlands in permafrost region in the Great Hing\u2019an Mountains, northeast China","volume":"129","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07303-5","article-title":"Ghost roads and the destruction of Asia-Pacific tropical forests","volume":"629","author":"Engert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. Main Report","year":"2020"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107470","article-title":"Contribution analysis on spatial tradeoff\/synergy of Karst soil conservation and water retention for various geomorphological types: geographical detector application","volume":"125","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/10095020.2024.2363618","article-title":"Internal response of vegetation growth to degrees of permafrost degradation in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020","volume":"28","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geo-spatial Inf. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.09.118","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamic analysis of forest ecosystem services using \u201cbig data\u201d: a case study of Anhui province, central-eastern China","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Production Special Volume Improving Natural Resource Manage. Hum. Health to Ensure Sustain. Societal Dev. Based Upon Insights Gained Working Within \u2018Big Data Environments\u2019"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123210","article-title":"Dynamic modeling of effective crown height in larix olgensis: a synergistic analysis of stand density, height diameter ratio, and climatic factors","volume":"598","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fecs.2026.100427","article-title":"Land use and landscape pattern changes dominated ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in a temperate mountain region","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"For. Ecosyst."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2019.05.003","article-title":"Spatial correlations among ecosystem services and their socio-ecological driving factors: a case study in the city belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia, China","volume":"108","author":"Lyu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126382","article-title":"XGBoost-based method for flash flood risk assessment","volume":"598","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108430","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the development of land use regression approaches for modeling spatiotemporal variations of ambient air pollution: a perspective from 2011 to 2023","volume":"183","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0461-7","article-title":"Redefining ecosystem multifunctionality","volume":"2","author":"Manning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6333","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16364","article-title":"More future synergies and less trade\u2010offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions","volume":"28","author":"Mazziotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2023.120987","article-title":"Forage quantity and protein concentration changes across a forest-savanna gradient with management implications for white-tailed deer","volume":"538","author":"McKinney","year":"2023","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2025.114085","article-title":"Climate drivers of forest ecosystem services supply in the hilly mountainus regions of southern China based on SHAP-enhanced machine learning","volume":"178","author":"Mengjuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2020.118494","article-title":"Nitrous oxide emissions of undrained, forestry-drained, and rewetted boreal peatlands","volume":"478","author":"Minkkinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2024.102888","article-title":"Transformative labor: the hidden (and not-so-hidden) work of transformations to sustainability","volume":"87","author":"Moser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Environ. Change"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f12080992","article-title":"The temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem service synergy\/trade-offs based on ecological units","volume":"12","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07602-x","article-title":"The enduring world forest carbon sink","volume":"631","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.04.018","article-title":"Mapping cultural ecosystem services: a framework to assess the potential for outdoor recreation across the EU","volume":"45","author":"Paracchini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202531235","article-title":"In-memory Euclidean distance computation in a stacked memristor crossbar for hardware self-organizing maps","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2023.104014","article-title":"A k-additive Choquet integral-based approach to approximate the SHAP values for local interpretability in machine learning","volume":"325","author":"Pelegrina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139019","article-title":"Identifying the driving forces of global ecosystem services balance 2000\u20132020","volume":"426","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2024.121888","article-title":"Exploring the interplay between within-stand variation and thinning practices in southern Sweden","volume":"561","author":"Persson","year":"2024","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2528453123","article-title":"Commodity frontiers expand more slowly into tropical forests where forest smallholders are present","volume":"123","author":"Pratzer","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2522502123","article-title":"Forest loss and landscape pattern change cause watersheds to release more young water","volume":"123","author":"Qiu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124514","article-title":"Early warning of harmful cyanobacteria blooms based on high frequency in situ monitoring and intelligible machine learning modelling: the case study of Lake M\u00fcggelsee (Germany)","volume":"287","author":"Recknagel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117824","article-title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics and socio-ecological determinants of ecosystem service interplays in Shandong Province\u2019s coastal region, (2000\u20132020): implications for environmental protection and sustainable ecosystem management","volume":"243","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.11.043","article-title":"Tamm review: observed and projected climate change impacts on Russia\u2019s forests and its carbon balance","volume":"361","author":"Schaphoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13611","article-title":"Neighbourhood species richness and drought-tolerance traits modulate tree growth and \u03b413C responses to drought","volume":"26","author":"Schnabel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107992","article-title":"Accounting for spatial autocorrelation is needed to avoid misidentifying trade-offs and bundles among ecosystem services","volume":"129","author":"Shaikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15064974","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on permafrost and hydrological processes in Northeast China","volume":"15","author":"Shan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B40","article-title":"Identification of ecological restoration areas and restoration strategies in Western Jilin Province","volume-title":"Doctoral dissertation","author":"Shang","year":"2024"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125193","article-title":"Uncovering the relationships between ecosystem services and social-ecological drivers at different spatial scales in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","volume":"290","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2018.10.003","article-title":"Anticipating trade-offs between urban patterns and ecosystem service production: scenario analyses of sprawl alternatives for a rapidly urbanizing region","volume":"74","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117654","article-title":"Sustainable pathways for solar desalination using nanofluids: a critical review","volume":"241","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2307\/1412159","article-title":"The proof and measurement of association between two things","volume":"15","author":"Spearman","year":"1904","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2023.101567","article-title":"Profit-efficiency analysis of forest ecosystem services in the southeastern US","volume":"64","author":"Susaeta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123514","article-title":"Reevaluating feature importance in machine learning: concerns regarding SHAP interpretations in the context of the EU artificial intelligence act","volume":"280","author":"Takefuji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137382","article-title":"Beyond XGBoost and SHAP: unveiling true feature importance","volume":"488","author":"Takefuji","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119999","article-title":"Spatiotemporal modelling of airborne birch and grass pollen concentration across Switzerland: a comparison of statistical, machine learning and ensemble methods","volume":"263","author":"Valipour Shokouhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2024.112044","article-title":"County zoning and optimization paths for trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in Northeast China","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13051008","article-title":"Estimating the characteristic spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality using the InVEST model\u2014a case study from Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Greater Bay Area","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145700","article-title":"Revealing the nonlinear impact of environmental regulation on ecological resilience using the XGBoost-SHAP model: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta region, China","volume":"514","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120555","article-title":"Integrating spatial-temporal soundscape mapping with landscape indicators for effective conservation management and planning of a protected area","volume":"356","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fecs.2025.100383","article-title":"Multidimensional factors influencing ecosystem services and their relationships in alpine ecosystems: A case study of the Daxing\u2019anling forest area, Inner Mongolia","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"For. Ecosyst."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tfp.2025.100975","article-title":"Multi-scenario impacts on ecosystem services and relationships in alpine ecosystems: A case study of the Daxing\u2019anling forest area, Inner Mongolia","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trees Forests People"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145074","article-title":"Multiscale analysis of ecosystem service interactions and driving factors in the Loess Plateau: Implications for ecological management","volume":"495","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158834","article-title":"Modeling the spatially heterogeneous relationships between tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services and potential drivers considering geographic scale in Bairin Left Banner, China","volume":"855","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104928","article-title":"Hidden challenges behind ecosystem services improvement claims","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120111","article-title":"Novel insights into the multistep chlorination of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments","volume":"240","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184641","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of ecosystem status in China\u2019s National Key Ecological Function Zones","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2025.2581207","article-title":"A model to identify causality for geographic patterns","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110193","article-title":"Integrating land use management with trade-offs between ecosystem services: A framework and application","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2022.108954","article-title":"How precipitation legacies affect broad-scale patterns of primary productivity: Evidence from the Inner Mongolia grassland","volume":"320","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.141014","article-title":"Spatial patterns of thallium in soil of polymetallic mining area: Threshold and interaction effects of environment variables","volume":"502","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2024.112434","article-title":"Understanding synergistic ecosystem services in China\u2019s Northeast Forest Belt: A blueprint for spatially targeted management","volume":"166","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr6450","article-title":"Fragmentation increased in over half of global forests from 2000 to 2020","volume":"389","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1921235\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:31:31Z","timestamp":1787549491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1921235\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1921235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1921235","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"article-number":"1921235"}}