{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:49:33Z","timestamp":1791355773587,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001866","name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["O21\/16231453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["O21\/16231453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plant cell suspension cultures are a valuable biotechnological platform for the controlled production of high-value phytochemicals. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which culture medium composition impacts cellular transcriptional programs remain poorly characterised, especially in non-model plant species. Here, we investigated how two culture media, Murashige &amp;amp; Skoog (MS)- and Linsmaier &amp;amp; Skoog (LS)-based, influence growth, gene expression and secondary metabolite production in\n                    <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell suspension cultures derived from a non-commercial genotype, Line 43\/178. Cultures were analysed at five time points across a 14-day subculture cycle. Both media supported comparable growth kinetics, with a peak in biomass production reaching values \u226513 g\/L dry weight. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2801 differentially expressed contigs with an absolute maximum fold change &amp;gt;10 and revealed distinct growth-stage responses, including early activation of cell cycle and hormone-related genes, intermediate induction of stress and cell wall remodelling pathways and late-stage senescence and redox-related processes. LS induced the expression of genes involved in hydroxycinnamic acid amide and lignanamide production, in agreement with untargeted metabolomic data showing increased accumulation of cannabisin D and cannabisin F, together with marked differences in cell morphology. Spectrophotometric analyses further revealed medium-dependent differences in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. By adopting a transcriptomic approach coupled to the identification of lignanamides via untargeted metabolomics, the study highlights how medium composition regulates the balance between growth and secondary metabolism in\n                    <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell cultures, providing valuable insights for future optimisation of bioactive compound production using plant cell factories.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1923697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:30Z","timestamp":1791352230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Culture medium and plant growth regulator regimes influence the transcriptome and cannabisin accumulation in Cannabis sativa cell suspension cultures"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Margaux","family":"Thiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Hautcharage, Luxembourg"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain","place":["Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Sergeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Hautcharage, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Legay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Hautcharage, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Iken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PM International AG","place":["Schengen, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Renaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Hautcharage, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Lutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PM International AG","place":["Schengen, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gea","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Hautcharage, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123522","article-title":"Glutamate receptor like channels: Emerging players in calcium mediated signaling in plants","volume":"234","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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