{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:06:49Z","timestamp":1790140009406,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Climate change has increased the frequency of drought periods in the Mediterranean basin, including the \u00c7ukurova region, and is projected to exacerbate both drought stress and soil salinization in future agricultural systems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance plant growth and alleviate abiotic stress, yet their potential to improve salt tolerance in\n                      <jats:italic>Diospyros kaki<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a species considered sensitive to salinity, remains underexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study, evaluated the effects of two AMF species,\n                      <jats:italic>Entrophospora etunicatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Glomus clarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , on growth parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II efficiency (\n                      <jats:italic>Fv\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>Fm\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and leaf and root concentrations of K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , P, Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and Cl\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>D. kaki<\/jats:italic>\n                      seedlings exposed to five NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 75, 100, and 150 mM).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both AMF species, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>E. etunicatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , significantly improved plant growth, chlorophyll content, and\n                      <jats:italic>Fv\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>Fm\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      ratio under saline conditions. Although salt stress alone markedly reduced vegetative growth, the salt \u00d7 mycorrhiza interaction was not statistically significant for growth parameters, suggesting that AMF-mediated growth promotion occurred independently of salinity level. However, for most mineral nutrients, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased tissue concentrations, and the salt \u00d7 mycorrhiza interaction was statistically significant, indicating that AMF enhanced tissue nutrient concentration specifically under salt stress. These findings support Sustainable Development Goals 2 (Zero Hunger) and 13 (Climate Action) by offering a biological strategy to sustain persimmon production in salinizing environments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1924456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:49:02Z","timestamp":1790138942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological investigation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated salt tolerance in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) seedlings"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Berken","family":"Cimen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meral","family":"Incesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Ortas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujgan","family":"Guney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University","place":["Yozgat, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051078","article-title":"Zn fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation effect on bread wheat cultivar grown under water deficit","volume":"13","author":"Abdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.17221\/204\/2009-pse","article-title":"Effect of salinity stress on mycorrhizal association and growth response of peanut infected by Glomus mosseae","volume":"56","author":"Al-Khaliel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-020-00692-x","article-title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Phoenix dactylifera L. grown in Tunisian Sahara oases of different salinity levels","volume":"81","author":"Asma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"Material vegetal Y mejora gen\u00e9tica","volume-title":"El cultivo del caqui","author":"Badenes","year":"2015"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cultural practices for persimmon production","volume-title":"CIHEAM options mediterraneennes","author":"Bellini","year":"2002"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4067\/s0718-95162013005000012","article-title":"Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation on plant growth, biological and physiological parameters and mineral nutrition in pepper grown under different salinity and P levels","volume":"13","author":"Beltrano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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