{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:55:57Z","timestamp":1790596557637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial bioinputs have emerged as key components of sustainable agriculture owing to their ability to promote plant growth, improve nutrient acquisition, enhance tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and suppress phytopathogens. Despite their considerable potential, the widespread adoption of these technologies remains constrained by limited environmental persistence, reduced formulation stability, and inconsistent performance under field conditions. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to improve the stability, delivery efficiency, and agronomic reliability of microbial bioinputs. This review provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of recent advances in nano-enabled microbial bioinputs, discussing the mechanisms through which nanomaterials enhance microbial protection, stabilization, controlled release, delivery efficiency, and functional persistence. Particular emphasis is placed on bionanofertilizers and bionanopesticides as emerging technologies for improving nutrient use efficiency, biological crop protection, and soil\u2013plant\u2013microbiome interactions while reducing dependence on conventional agrochemicals. The review also critically examines current knowledge on biosafety, ecological impacts, regulatory frameworks, and the practical challenges associated with large-scale agricultural implementation. Current evidence indicates that nano-enabled formulations can address several limitations associated with conventional microbial bioinputs and contribute to more consistent agronomic performance under environmentally variable conditions. However, most available studies remain limited to laboratory and greenhouse experiments, while robust long-term validation under diverse field conditions is still lacking. In addition, uncertainties regarding environmental fate, nanoparticle\u2013microbiome interactions, standardized biosafety assessment, scalable manufacturing, regulatory harmonization, and economic feasibility continue to constrain broader commercial adoption. Overall, nano-enabled microbial bioinputs represent a promising technological platform for bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and consistent field performance. Their successful implementation will depend on integrating advances in microbiology, nanotechnology, formulation engineering, and environmental risk assessment with rigorous field validation, scalable production strategies, and harmonized regulatory frameworks. Addressing these challenges will be essential to support the development of resilient, resource-efficient, and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1925672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:04:51Z","timestamp":1790593491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nano-enabled microbial bioinputs for sustainable agriculture: advances, mechanisms, applications, and future challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Isadora Camargo","family":"Pedrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Biomolecules, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar)","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar)","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Teixeira","family":"Lacava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Biomolecules, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar)","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar)","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819786-8.00015-3","article-title":"Nanocarbon fertilizers: Implications of carbon nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture production","volume-title":"Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-Food and Environmental Applications","author":"Aacharya","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8060498","article-title":"Harnessing the potentials of endophytic microbiomes for sustainable agriculture","volume":"58","author":"Adeleke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1021\/acsagscitech.5c00714","article-title":"Dry biofertilizer development containing Azospirillum brasilense: A protective PGCit-based strategy for seed inoculation","volume":"6","author":"Alves","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-4489-6_10-1","article-title":"Nanoclays and nanocomposites for agricultural use","volume-title":"Handbook of Nanotechnology in Agriculture","author":"Amin","year":"2025"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03455-2","article-title":"Multifaceted role of Pseudomonas species in plant growth promotion and sustainable agriculture","volume":"39","author":"Anand","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-025-04497-3","article-title":"Recent Advances in Bioinoculant Formulations and Their Shelf-Life: A Review","volume":"82","author":"Monica","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s42398-024-00308-w","article-title":"Next generation microbe-based bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture","volume":"19","author":"Arora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discover Nano"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01473","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: context, mechanisms of action, and roadmap to commercialization of biostimulants for sustainable agriculture","volume":"9","author":"Backer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.028712","article-title":"Biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis against infection of Arabidopsis roots by Pseudomonas syringae is facilitated by biofilm formation and surfactin production","volume":"134","author":"Bais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2024.103712","article-title":"Recent advances in microbial and nano-formulations for effective delivery and agriculture sustainability","volume":"35","author":"Behl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129462","article-title":"Chitosan-encapsulated microbial biofertilizer: A breakthrough for enhanced tomato crop productivity","volume":"260","author":"Beula Isabel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2022.104982","article-title":"Prospects for the biological control of plant diseases: Current advances and future challenges","volume":"173","author":"Bonaterra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105591","article-title":"Biofilm-forming microorganisms in the rhizosphere to improve plant growth: Coping with abiotic stress and environmental pollution","volume":"202","author":"Brokate","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-016-1561-8","article-title":"Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles deteriorate the mutual interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2023.109248","article-title":"Threats to the soil microbiome from nanomaterials: A global meta and machine-learning analysis","volume":"188","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2013.829767","article-title":"Fate and bioavailability of engineered nanoparticles in soils: A review","volume":"44","author":"Cornelis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02870-0","article-title":"The potential of nanomaterials associated with plant growth-promoting bacteria in agriculture","volume":"11","author":"de Moraes","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2020.100275","article-title":"Magnetite nanoparticles associated with Rhizobium leguminosarum improve nodulation, biological nitrogen fixation, and growth of common bean","volume":"20","author":"de Souza-Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14020191","article-title":"Microbial inoculants in sustainable agriculture","volume":"14","author":"D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6462","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b02150","article-title":"Nanofertilizers: New products for the industry","volume":"66","author":"Dimkpa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.11.017","article-title":"Biological control of plant diseases: Current advances and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"El-Saadony","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94","article-title":"Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life","volume":"14","author":"Flemming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0158-9","article-title":"Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms","volume":"17","author":"Flemming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14106085","article-title":"Applications of starch biopolymers for a sustainable modern agriculture","volume":"14","author":"Gamage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1021\/es103040t","article-title":"Evidence for negative effects of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on soil bacterial communities","volume":"45","author":"Ge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6749","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00941-12","article-title":"Identification of soil bacteria susceptible to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles","volume":"78","author":"Ge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Law No. 15,070 of 23 December 2024. Provides for the Production, Import, Export, Registration, Commercialization, Use, Inspection, Research, and Incentives for Bioinputs for Agricultural, Livestock, Aquaculture, and Forestry Purposes 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053141","article-title":"Linking soil microbial diversity to modern agriculture practices: A review","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00050-14","article-title":"The hidden world within plants: Ecological and evolutionary considerations for defining functioning of microbial endophytes","volume":"79","author":"Hardoim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B8080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-07925-5","article-title":"Synergistic protective effects of rhizobacterial culture filtrate and zinc oxide nanoparticles against Pantoea leaf spot in cucumber","volume":"26","author":"Helaly","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.07.100","article-title":"Effects of nano-ZnO on the agronomically relevant Rhizobium-legume symbiosis","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817852-2.00008-1","article-title":"Carbon-based nanomaterials and their interactions with agricultural crops","volume-title":"Nanomaterials for Agriculture and Forestry Applications","author":"Husen","year":"2020"},{"key":"B1313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146808","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1146808","article-title":"Integrated use of plant growth-promoting bacteria and nano-zinc foliar spray is a sustainable approach for wheat biofortification, yield, and zinc use efficiency","volume":"14","author":"Jalal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115115","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles: a review of their safety and current strategies to overcome biological barriers","volume":"203","author":"Janjua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-019-00229-y","article-title":"Multifaceted application of silica nanoparticles: A review","volume":"12","author":"Jeelani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0131-1","article-title":"A critical evaluation of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers against their conventional analogues","volume":"13","author":"Kah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0439-5","article-title":"Nano-enabled strategies to enhance crop nutrition and protection","volume":"14","author":"Kah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2018.11.011","article-title":"The inherent conflicts in developing soil microbial inoculants","volume":"37","author":"Kaminsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-5104-4_1","article-title":"Carbon-based nanomaterials synthesis and their various applications in agricultural sectors","volume-title":"Emerging Carbon Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Synthesis, Plant Growth, Performance, Production and Protection","author":"Karuvelan","year":"2025"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-023-02859-1","article-title":"Hydrogels in agriculture: Prospects and challenges","volume":"31","author":"Kaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app16010490","article-title":"Plant-derived biostimulants and liposomal formulations in sustainable crop protection and stress tolerance","volume":"16","author":"Kutasy-Tak\u00e1cs","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.15407\/microbiolj87.01.072","article-title":"Prospects of liposomes application in agriculture","volume":"87","author":"Kyrychenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mikrobiol. Z."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4147","article-title":"Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects\u2014An updated review","volume":"37","author":"Lead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.37628\/IJCCM","article-title":"Review of biopolymers in agriculture application: An eco-friendly alternative","volume":"10","author":"Liyakat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Compos. Constit. Mater."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-024-02528-5","article-title":"Next-generation fertilizers: the impact of bionanofertilizers on sustainable agriculture","volume":"23","author":"Arora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Cell. Fact."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11155-7_62-1","article-title":"Nanoclay as carriers of bioactive molecules applied to agriculture","volume-title":"Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications","author":"Merino","year":"2020"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1354440","article-title":"Nanoparticle applications in agriculture: Overview and response of plant-associated microorganisms","volume":"15","author":"Mgadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123666","article-title":"Bionanopesticides: Emerging tools for sustainable agriculture","volume":"403","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0186-5","article-title":"Bacterial quorum sensing in complex and dynamically changing environments","volume":"17","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01515-9","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles synthesis and applications in agriculture for plant fertilization and protection: A review","volume":"21","author":"Naaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-017-2364-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria","volume":"33","author":"Olanrewaju","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127137","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes as biocontrol agents of pre- and post-harvest diseases: Fundamentals, methods of application and future perspectives","volume":"263","author":"Orozco-Mosqueda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1021\/acsagscitech.2c00113","article-title":"Micro- and nanocarriers for encapsulation of biological plant protection agents: A systematic literature review","volume":"2","author":"Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01014","article-title":"Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: Recent developments, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205431109","article-title":"Soybean susceptibility to manufactured nanomaterials with evidence for food quality and soil fertility interruption","volume":"109","author":"Priester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2024.113376","article-title":"Recent advances of hydrogel in agriculture: Synthesis, mechanism, properties and applications","volume":"219","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-13390-9.00017-5","article-title":"Contribution of nanoclay toward sustainable agriculture","volume-title":"Nanoclay-Based Sustainable Materials","author":"Rao","year":"2024"},{"key":"B1212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.197","article-title":"The effect of Bacillus subtilis Vru1 encapsulated in alginate\u2013bentonite coating enriched with titanium nanoparticles against Rhizoctonia solani on bean","volume":"152","author":"Saberi-Rise","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01348-x","article-title":"Nano\/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers: Innovative networks with the boundless potential in sustainable agriculture","volume":"16","author":"Saberi Riseh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Micro Lett."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2024.100251","article-title":"Advances in microbial based bio-inoculum for amelioration of soil health and sustainable crop production","volume":"7","author":"Samantaray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13922","article-title":"Agricultural nanotechnology for a safe and sustainable future: current status, challenges, and beyond","volume":"105","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.107909","article-title":"Incorporation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles, Acinetobacter pittii and Bacillus velezensis to improve tomato plant growth, biochemical attributes and resistance against Rhizoctonia solani","volume":"202","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-81896-7_12","article-title":"Liposomes in plant nanotechnology","volume-title":"Plant Nanotechnology Fundamentals and Methodologies","author":"Sharmila","year":"2025"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2023.100843","article-title":"A review of agricultural microbial inoculants and their carriers in bioformulation","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01660","article-title":"Are nanoparticles a threat to mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses? A critical review","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100502","article-title":"Nanotechnology in agriculture: A solution to global food insecurity in a changing climate","volume":"34","author":"Vaidya","year":"2024","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00270","article-title":"Formulation of Microbial Inoculants by Encapsulation in Natural Polysaccharides: Focus on Beneficial Properties of Carrier Additives and Derivatives","volume":"11","author":"Vassilev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14060840","article-title":"An overview of polymeric hydrogel applications for sustainable agriculture","volume":"14","author":"Vedovello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2025.09.013","article-title":"Microbial bioinputs in Brazilian agriculture","volume":"25","author":"Vermelho","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126794","article-title":"Navigating the sustainability challenges of food systems: A review of life cycle-based environmental footprints and future directions","volume":"392","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116776","article-title":"Environmental effects and interaction of nanoparticles on beneficial soil and aquatic microorganisms","volume":"236","author":"Yamini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EN00766C","article-title":"Designing safer nanomaterials for sustainable agricultural applications","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020864","article-title":"Impact of silver nanoparticles on the gut microbiota of the earthworm Eisenia fetida","volume":"27","author":"Zapa\u0142owska","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108713","article-title":"Compositional alterations in soil bacterial communities exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles are not reflected in functional impacts","volume":"178","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040511","article-title":"Carbon-based nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture: Their application as light converters, nanosensors, and delivery tools","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.110270","article-title":"Nanofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture: Advantages and limitations","volume":"289","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.05.037","article-title":"Exposure of engineered nanomaterials to plants: Insights into the physiological and biochemical responses\u2014A review","volume":"110","author":"Zuverza-Mena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1925672\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:04:54Z","timestamp":1790593494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1925672\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1925672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1925672","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"article-number":"1925672"}}