{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:11:31Z","timestamp":1788757891746,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to develop a sustainable spent mushroom substrate (SMS)-based compound substrate for greenhouse soilless cultivation of passion fruit (\n                      <jats:italic>Passiflora edulis<\/jats:italic>\n                      Sims.), to reduce SMS accumulation pollution and overcome continuous cropping obstacles in traditional soil-based systems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using grafted \u2018Qinmi No. 9\u2019 passion fruit seedlings. Substrate physicochemical properties, plant growth, fruit yield and quality parameters were assessed, and rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of eight representative treatments were profiled by 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among all formulations, T4 (\n                      <jats:italic>Pleurotus geesteranus<\/jats:italic>\n                      SMS: seaweed mud: river sand = 3:1:1) exhibited the best overall performance. Compared with the control, T4 significantly increased single fruit weight by 8.2%, fruit number per plant by 24.8% (from 35.0 to 43.6 fruits\/plant) and yield per plant by 43.1% (from 2.69 to 3.85 kg\/plant). Fruit quality was also improved, with soluble solids, soluble sugar and vitamin C contents increased by 11.3%, 27.6% and 30.6%, respectively, while acidity was reduced by 19.3%. Mechanistically, T4 maintained more stable substrate bulk density, pH and electrical conductivity throughout the cultivation period, and significantly enriched beneficial rhizosphere genera (\n                      <jats:italic>Niastella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Rhodanobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) that were positively correlated with plant growth and fruit quality traits. In contrast, pure SMS formulations (T5, T15) exhibited higher nutrient levels but poorer plant performance, likely due to excessive electrical conductivity and unstable substrate structure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The T4 formulation is an optimal sustainable substrate for passion fruit, balancing physical structure, salt buffering and microbial benefits, offering a practical solution for SMS reuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1926220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:23:37Z","timestamp":1788755017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of spent mushroom substrate cultivation under greenhouse conditions on growth and fruiting of passion fruit"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1039","article-title":"The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered","volume":"52","author":"Abarenkov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12817.x","article-title":"Phylogeny of nematode-trapping fungi based on 18SrDNA sequences","volume":"158","author":"Ahren","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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