{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:16:01Z","timestamp":1788419761855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nitrate uptake and translocation are crucial for plant growth and development, with Nitrate Transporter 1\/Peptide Transporter family (NRTs) being critical in mediating nitrogen supply. Soybean (\n                    <jats:italic>Glycine max<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has been a major source of plant-based protein globally, and it requires high amounts of nitrogen to support the plant\u2019s development and protein accumulation in seeds. However, genes accounting for nitrogen uptake and usage have yet to be systematically identified. This study focuses on the characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Nitrate Transporter 1\/Peptide Transporter family<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NPF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes belonging to the NRTs in soybean. In total, 126\n                    <jats:italic>GmNPF<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were identified in the soybean genome, and they exhibit evolutionary conservation and functional diversity based on the analysis of protein physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationship, synteny correlation, conserved domain, motif, gene structure and cis-acting element prediction. Additionally, spatiotemporal expression specificity analyses revealed that several\n                    <jats:italic>GmNPFs<\/jats:italic>\n                    are potentially important in root, stem, leaf and seed. In addition, we also identified a set of\n                    <jats:italic>GmNPF<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes inducible by low nitrogen stress or being regulated by\n                    <jats:italic>POWR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SWEET10a\/b<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>SWEET39<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), two major high protein QTL genes in soybean, suggesting their participation in nitrogen absorption and seed protein deposition in soybean. Importantly, we also identified six\n                    <jats:italic>GmNPFs<\/jats:italic>\n                    showing contrasting allelic frequencies between cultivated and wild soybean, and the allelic variation was tightly associated with the variation in protein levels in cultivated soybean. The study uncovers a set of candidate genes with great potential in improving soybean protein and yield via enhanced nitrogen uptake and utilization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1926264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:40:15Z","timestamp":1788417615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of GmNPF genes prioritizes candidate genes for soybean yield and protein improvement"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoudong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bio-Breeding Laboratory of Anhui Province","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Innovation Center of Biological Breeding Technology, Hinngan League Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences","place":["Ulan Hot City, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Innovation Center of Biological Breeding Technology, Hinngan League Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences","place":["Ulan Hot City, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongguo","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Shor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)\u2014Volcani Institute","place":["Rishon LeZion, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Heihe, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengyou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1543714","article-title":"Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture by integrating agronomic practices and genetic advances","volume":"16","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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