{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:04:51Z","timestamp":1789538691489,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016079","name":"Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016079","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021193","name":"Science and Technology Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024AB001, 2024AB002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AB001, 2024AB002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009967","name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plant architecture strongly influences planting density, canopy light interception, and mechanical harvesting efficiency in upland cotton (\n                    <jats:italic>Gossypium hirsutum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.). Fruiting branch angle (FBA) is an important architectural trait, but its molecular regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we compared the MAPK\/ERK kinase kinase (MEKK) subfamily across four upland cotton reference genomes and identified 44 MEKK members in each genome. Genomic positions and coding sequences were broadly conserved, whereas motif analysis distinguished 26 motif-conserved from 18 motif-variable homologous groups. Integrating this classification with phylogenetic relationships and expression differences between accessions with contrasting FBA prioritized\n                    <jats:italic>GhMAPKKK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>GhChrD12G0779<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) for functional analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>GhMAPKKK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was lower in large-angle accessions than in compact accessions. Virus-induced gene silencing of\n                    <jats:italic>GhMAPKKK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased FBA at both the squaring-to-flowering and boll-setting stages, providing preliminary evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>GhMAPKKK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    negatively influences branch orientation. Silencing was also associated with increased brassinosteroid content, reduced cytokinin-equivalent content, and altered expression of hormone- and branch angle-related genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>GhLAZY1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GhTAC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>GhSAUR<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Together, these results link\n                    <jats:italic>GhMAPKKK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity to FBA and to brassinosteroid- and cytokinin-related processes.\n                    <jats:italic>GhMAPKKK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    is therefore a candidate for further mechanistic and agronomic evaluation of cotton branch architecture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1929470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:31:58Z","timestamp":1789536718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-genome comparative analysis and VIGS validation suggest that GhMAPKKK5 negatively regulates fruiting branch angle in upland cotton"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenjiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panfeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science\/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Genetics and Breeding in Inland Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs\/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Biobreeding","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science\/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Genetics and Breeding in Inland Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs\/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Biobreeding","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.100918","article-title":"Decoding the hormonal, genetic, and environmental signals regulating leaf angle in plants","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.24065","article-title":"The impact of telomere-to-telomere genome assembly in the plant pan-genomics era","volume":"75","author":"Aoyagi Blue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breed. 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