{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:10:35Z","timestamp":1788952235389,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are key components of dryland ecosystems, yet their physiological stability under concurrent changes in UV-B radiation, temperature, and precipitation remains poorly understood. In particular, how BSCs at different developmental stages regulate carbon acquisition and secondary metabolism under multifactor climate stress remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we investigated the physiological and metabolic responses of algal, lichen, and moss crusts exposed for two years to factorial combinations of warming and reduced precipitation (+1.5 \u00b0C and -8%) and UV-B enhancement (ambient, +18%, +24%) in open-top chambers (OTCs). We quantified photosynthetic traits (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and gross primary productivity) and secondary metabolites (flavonoids, total phenolics, carotenoids, and extracellular polysaccharides).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results revealed that UV-B radiation was the dominant driver of physiological and metabolic variation in BSCs, consistently suppressing photosynthetic performance and secondary metabolite accumulation across all BSC types. The strongest inhibition occurred in algal crusts, indicating high sensitivity but limited physiological plasticity. In contrast, lichen and moss crusts exhibited greater regulatory capacity and partial recovery under combined warming and reduced precipitation, suggesting stress-buffered metabolic adjustment. Notably, several physiological and metabolic traits exhibited partial recovery under combined stress treatments relative to the UV-B-only treatments, suggesting that altered temperature and moisture conditions may modulate the effects of UV-B through physiological buffering rather than yielding simple additive effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals the divergent adaptation strategies of BSCs at different developmental stages under combined climatic stresses. The results highlight the importance of incorporating successional-stage heterogeneity and physiological trade-offs into predictions of dryland ecosystem responses under future climate change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1930890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:17:40Z","timestamp":1788949060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photosynthetic and secondary metabolic responses of biological soil crusts to combined warming, reduced precipitation, and enhanced UV-B radiation: divergent strategies across developmental stages"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yalin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shapotou National Field Observation and Research Station for Desert Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2010Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shapotou National Field Observation and Research Station for Desert Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2010Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanglang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shapotou National Field Observation and Research Station for Desert Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2010Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2012.07.014","article-title":"Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance","volume":"196","author":"Agati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1667463","article-title":"Aquatic bryophytes as biofilters and resource regenerators in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems: the moss on Mars project","volume":"16","author":"Amitrano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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