{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1789970566118,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Moth bean (\n                    <jats:italic>Vigna aconitifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a protein-rich, arid-adapted legume of considerable agronomic importance, lacks a whole genome assembly, limiting genome-enabled trait discovery and genetic improvement. In this study, we estimated its genome size using 31.28\u2009Gb of Illumina short-read sequencing data, and a k-mer analysis (k\u2009=\u200921) predicted a genome size of 448.98\u2009Mb. We generated a highly contiguous 420.3\u2009Mb genome assembly using 37.04\u2009Gb of PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing data, corresponding to 82.5\u00d7 genome coverage. The assembly achieved a contig N50 of 22.30\u2009Mb, with a maximum contig length of 59.6\u2009Mb, and exhibited &amp;gt;98% completeness based on BUSCO assessment. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses of 14 closely related species identified\n                    <jats:italic>V. radiata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>V. mungo<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the closest extant relatives of moth bean, with an estimated divergence time of ~3.7 Mya, consistent with established phylogenetic relationships within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Vigna<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Structural annotation predicted ~27,434 protein-coding genes, of which 27,411 (99.91%) were functionally annotated. Repetitive sequences accounted for 50.66% of the genome, with retrotransposons representing the predominant class and occupying 109.9 Mb (26.1%). We further identified 178 disease resistance\u2013related genes and 54 genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including those encoding key enzymes such as chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, and flavone synthase II. Collectively, we present the first highly contiguous moth bean genome assembly, providing a foundational resource for evolutionary, functional genomics and breeding studies. This resource facilitates characterization of genes governing disease resistance and flavonoid biosynthesis, supporting genetic improvement of stress tolerance and nutritional quality in moth bean.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1932838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:35:13Z","timestamp":1789968913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-contiguity genome assembly of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) reveals genes for disease resistance and flavonoid biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Adhimoolam","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Centre of Innovation, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","place":["Madurai, India"]},{"name":"Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University","place":["Jeju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunasekaran","family":"Ariharasutharsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Centre of Innovation, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","place":["Madurai, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankaran","family":"Divya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","place":["Coimbatore, India"]},{"name":"School of Biological and Medical Science, Oxford Brookes University","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kantharaj","family":"Vimalraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University","place":["Jinju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natesan","family":"Senthil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Centre of Innovation, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","place":["Madurai, India"]},{"name":"Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","place":["Coimbatore, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamilarasan","family":"Senthil Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoharan","family":"Akilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","place":["Trichy, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397935-3.00010-4","article-title":"Asian vigna","volume-title":"Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement","author":"Bisht","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.278373.123","article-title":"GeneMark-ETP significantly improves the accuracy of automatic annotation of large eukaryotic genomes","volume":"34","author":"Br\u016fna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9077","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab688","article-title":"tRNAscan-SE 2.0: improved detection and functional classification of transfer RNA genes","volume":"49","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073695","article-title":"Biogenesis, functions, interactions, and resources of non-coding RNAs in plants","volume":"23","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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