{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:02:46Z","timestamp":1790341366822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Cotton is the world\u2019s dominant natural fiber crop, and its production in arid oasis systems is widely constrained by drought. Potassium supplementation can alleviate water-deficit damage in cotton. However, the core mechanism linking potassium signaling to fiber carbon\u2013nitrogen coordination and cellulose biosynthesis remains uncharacterized fiber.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 under two distinct drip irrigation regimes-conventional (500\u00a0mm, I\n 500<\/jats:sub>\n ) and limited (425\u00a0mm, I\n 425<\/jats:sub>\n )\u2014and three different potassium fertilization levels (low-potassium K\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n : 48\u00a0kg ha\n -1<\/jats:sup>\n ; medium-potassium K\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n : 144\u00a0kg ha\n -1<\/jats:sup>\n ; and high-potassium K\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n : 240\u00a0kg ha\n -1<\/jats:sup>\n ). Key enzyme activities, metabolite contents, cellulose accumulation levels, and cotton fiber carbon and nitrogen metabolism yields were measured.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Under limited drip irrigation conditions, the activities of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and \u03b2-1,3-glucanase increased by 11.1\u201321.2%, 9.9\u201321.4%, and 5.8\u201327.2%, respectively, in the medium-potassium treatment (I\n 425<\/jats:sub>\n K\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ). These changes promoted the accumulation of sucrose and \u03b2-1,3-glucan during the critical period of fiber development and provided sufficient substrates for cellulose synthesis. Concurrently, the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) increased by 9.7\u201333.2% and 7.3\u201330.1%, respectively, increasing the free amino acid and soluble protein contents and optimizing nitrogen metabolism. This treatment significantly reduced the fiber sucrose-to-soluble-protein (S\/P) ratio during the secondary wall thickening period (40\u201350 days), indicating a more coordinated allocation between carbon substrates and nitrogenous metabolites in developing fibers. The cellulose content increased by 22.7% compared with that in the I\n 500<\/jats:sub>\n K\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n treatment, and the fiber biomass and lint percentage significantly increased. Ultimately, the I\n 425<\/jats:sub>\n K\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n treatment achieved the highest three-year mean lint yield, representing a 26.0% increase over the lowest-yielding I\n 500<\/jats:sub>\n K\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n treatment, and simultaneously improved irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 39.6% relative to I\n 500<\/jats:sub>\n K\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n . The I\n 425<\/jats:sub>\n K\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n treatment ranked second in lint yield. Multivariate correlation, Mantel test and principal component analyses further showed that coordinated carbon\/nitrogen enzyme activity, a reduced S\/P ratio, and enhanced cellulose accumulation were associated with elevated lint yield and IWUE.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n We conclude that moderate potassium fertilization under regulated limited drip irrigation synergistically activates core carbon- and nitrogen-metabolic enzymes, optimizes the balance between fiber sucrose supply and soluble protein availability, and accelerates cellulose synthesis to simultaneously increase fiber biomass and lint output. This water-potassium co-regulation framework delivers a field-deployable, water-saving high-yield agronomic strategy tailored to arid cotton-growing regions, and establishes a mechanistic foundation for optimizing source-sink carbon-nitrogen partitioning under chronic water limitation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1946477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:52:52Z","timestamp":1790340772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potassium-driven coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to enhance cotton fiber development under limited drip irrigation conditions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/National Cotton Engineering Technology Research Centre","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houxiu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water\u2212Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhe","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water\u2212Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Shihezi University","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2018.04.005","article-title":"Potassium relative ratio to nitrogen considerably favors carbon metabolism in late-planted cotton at high planting density","volume":"223","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11233324","article-title":"How carbon nanoparticles, arbuscular mycorrhiza, and compost mitigate drought stress in maize plant: A growth and biochemical study","volume":"11","author":"Alsherif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2002.9750","article-title":"Yield responses to narrow rows depend on increased radiation interception","volume":"94","author":"Andrade","year":"2002","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm150","article-title":"Drought effect on nitrate reductase and sucrose-phosphate synthase activities in wheat (Triticum durum L.): Role of leaf internal CO2","volume":"58","author":"Chantal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.116346","article-title":"Cotton green fiber promotes suberin synthesis interfering cellulose deposition in the secondary cell wall","volume":"194","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00173","article-title":"Biomass accumulation, photosynthetic traits and root development of cotton as affected by irrigation and nitrogen-fertilization","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109562","article-title":"Different potassium fertilization levels influence water-use efficiency, yield, and fruit quality attributes of cocktail tomato\u2014A comparative study of deficient-to-excessive supply","volume":"272","author":"Daoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117553","article-title":"Biofertilizer application improved cotton growth, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield in saline water drip-irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang, China","volume":"205","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12213730","article-title":"Foliar application of melatonin positively affects the physio-biochemical characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under the combined effects of low temperature and salinity stress","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcp190","article-title":"Sucrose synthase is an integral component of the cellulose synthesis machinery","volume":"51","author":"Fujii","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.farsys.2024.100087","article-title":"Soil moisture dynamics, rooting traits, crop and water productivity of wheat under different tillage, irrigation and nutrition conditions","volume":"2","author":"Gandhamanagenahalli A","year":"2024","journal-title":"Farming Syst."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9120834","article-title":"Moderate drip irrigation level with low mepiquat chloride application increases cotton lint yield by improving leaf photosynthetic rate and reproductive organ biomass accumulation in arid region","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-019-09976-1","article-title":"Sucrose metabolism in cotton subtending leaves influenced by potassium-to-nitrogen ratios","volume":"113","author":"Hafeez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosystems"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2023.107408","article-title":"Soil potassium regulation by initial K level and acidification degree when subjected to liming: A meta-analysis and long-term field experiment","volume":"232","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2015.01.003","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China, (1990\u20132012)","volume":"173","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.04.005","article-title":"Potassium deficiency affects the carbon-nitrogen balance in cotton leaves","volume":"115","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.115348","article-title":"Co-occurring elevated temperature and drought stresses during cotton fiber thickening stage inhibit fiber biomass accumulation and cellulose synthesis","volume":"187","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2016.06.005","article-title":"Potassium (K) supply affects K accumulation and photosynthetic physiology in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with different K sensitivities","volume":"196","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2015.04.017","article-title":"Potassium application affects carbohydrate metabolism in the leaf subtending the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll and its relationship with boll biomass","volume":"179","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12010358","article-title":"Irrigation-yield production functions and irrigation water use efficiency response of drought-tolerant and non-drought-tolerant maize hybrids under different irrigation levels, population densities, and environments","volume":"12","author":"Irmak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.01.001","article-title":"Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance","volume":"172","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.116177","article-title":"Integrative transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological analyses revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which potassium regulates the salt tolerance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots","volume":"193","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2020.10.018","article-title":"Potassium: A key modulator for cell homeostasis","volume":"324","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1976.00021962006800060005x","article-title":"Development of cotton fruit I. Accumulation and distribution of dry matter1","volume":"68","author":"Leffler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2024.108828","article-title":"Coupled soil moisture management and alginate oligosaccharide strategies enhance citrus orchard production, water and potassium use efficiency by improving the rhizosphere soil environment","volume":"297","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2023.127034","article-title":"Assessing the influence of water fertilizer, and climate factors on seed cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang agricultural regions","volume":"152","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2024.108808","article-title":"Water and nitrogen supply at spatially distinct locations improves cotton water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency and yield under drip irrigation","volume":"296","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139738","article-title":"Potential of optimizing irrigation and fertilization management for sustainable rice production in China","volume":"432","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2022.10.003","article-title":"Enhancing boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion by the application of exogenous amino acids at the peak flowering stage increased the boll Bt toxin concentration and lint yield in cotton","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/03650340.2018.1511894","article-title":"How potassium deficiency alters flower bud retention on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)","volume":"65","author":"Loka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Agron. Soil Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1006.2016.01506","article-title":"Effect of drip irrigation pattern and planting density on growth and yield performance of cotton in arid area","volume":"42","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Agron. Sin."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107966","article-title":"A comprehensive investigation of genotype-environment interaction effects on seed cotton yield contributing traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. using multivariate analysis and artificial neural network","volume":"211","author":"Patil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13603","article-title":"Drought stress reduces crop carbon gain due to delayed photosynthetic induction under fluctuating light conditions","volume":"174","author":"Sakoda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2009.03.004","article-title":"Sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre under low temperature during fibre development","volume":"31","author":"Shu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1017\/S001447971300029X","article-title":"Dry matter accumulation and partitioning in various fractions of cotton bolls","volume":"49","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Agric."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.02.022","article-title":"The dynamics of carbohydrate and associated gene expression in the stems and roots of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during carbon remobilization","volume":"178","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117663","article-title":"Late nitrogen fertilization increases biomass of cotton bolls by reinforcing sourcesink performance","volume":"206","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250000445","article-title":"Dynamics of callose deposition and \u03b2-1,3-glucanase expression during reproductive events in sexual and apomictic Hieracium","volume":"212","author":"Tucker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B39","volume-title":"World Cotton Supply and Use","year":"2023"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201200417","article-title":"Potassium\u2013sodium interactions in soil and plant under saline-sodic conditions","volume":"176","author":"Wakeel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12061315","article-title":"Effect of activated water irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under irrigation deficit","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2019.04.002","article-title":"Cool temperature caused by late planting affects seed vigor via altering kernel biomass and antioxidant metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2018.02.027","article-title":"Interactive effects of CO2 concentration elevation and nitrogen fertilization on water and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato grown under reduced irrigation regimes","volume":"202","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2011.06.001","article-title":"Responses of cotton growth, yield, and biomass to nitrogen split application ratio","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2017.05.001","article-title":"Potassium application regulates nitrogen metabolism and osmotic adjustment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) functional leaf under drought stress","volume":"215","author":"Zahoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.08.011","article-title":"Potassium improves photosynthetic tolerance to and recovery from episodic drought stress in functional leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)","volume":"119","author":"Zahoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13058","article-title":"Characterising the morphological characters and carbohydrate metabolism of oat culms and their association with lodging resistance","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2022.107493","article-title":"Optimizing irrigation amount and potassium rate to simultaneously improve tuber yield, water productivity and plant potassium accumulation of drip-fertigated potato in northwest China","volume":"264","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2019.03.008","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of potassium on drought-induced decreases in fiber length of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are associated with osmolyte dynamics during fiber development","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.10.014","article-title":"Potassium (K) application alleviates the negative effect of drought on cotton fiber strength by sustaining higher sucrose content and carbohydrates conversion rate","volume":"157","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1946477\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:52:53Z","timestamp":1790340773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1946477\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1946477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1946477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"article-number":"1946477"}}