{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:40:56Z","timestamp":1792410056381,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014803","name":"European Food Safety Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pierce\u2019s disease (PD), caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Xylella fastidiosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>X. fastidiosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), has challenged grape cultivation in the US since the late nineteenth century and has stimulated extensive exploration of grapevine genetic diversity for sources of resistance. Early observations made during the first outbreaks in California, when the disease was known as \u201cAnaheim disease\u201d, revealed marked variety-dependent differences in survival. Some varieties were proposed as potential top-grafts or rootstocks, reflecting the recognition of the heritable nature of resistance and its possible incorporation into newly developed varieties. Early resistant materials were primarily interspecific hybrids between\n                    <jats:italic>Vitis vinifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    and native southeastern American\n                    <jats:italic>Vitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, suggesting that the most effective resistance sources occurred outside the\n                    <jats:italic>V. vinifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene pool. Similar failures of grape cultivation in Florida were subsequently attributed to PD, and field trials confirmed the high susceptibility of European grape varieties, whereas several native grapes and muscadine species displayed intermediate tolerance or high resistance to the disease. From the 1950s onward, systematic screening and breeding programs identified multiple heritable resistance sources in native southeastern American grape species. Genetic studies indicated that resistance could depend on the inheritance of dominant alleles at multiple loci, explaining the low frequency of resistant progeny in some crosses. These findings prompted breeding programs aimed at introgressing resistance into elite bunch-grape backgrounds while retaining desirable fruit-quality traits. The identification of the bacterium \u201c\n                    <jats:italic>Xylella fastidiosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d as the causal agent of PD further facilitated screening and phenotyping through microscopy, serological and molecular assays, standardized inoculation protocols, and the combined evaluation of bacterial population size and symptom severity. A major advance was the identification of resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>V. arizonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Genetic mapping led to the discovery of the major resistance locus\n                    <jats:italic>PdR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and associated molecular markers, enabling marker-assisted selection and accelerating the elimination of susceptible seedlings during breeding. More recently, transgenic approaches have complemented conventional breeding strategies. Overall, the available literature confirms the general susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>V. vinifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    to PD while highlighting the progressive enhancement of resistance through the exploitation of wild grape germplasm, conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, and genetic engineering.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1946516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:12:58Z","timestamp":1790003578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic and physiological mechanisms of grapevine resistance to Xylella fastidiosa infection: a progressive acquisition of knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Serafina Serena","family":"Amoia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR-IPSP)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Saldarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR-IPSP)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-022-02366-6","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of two RGA type genes in the PdR1b locus for Pierce\u2019s disease resistance in Vitis arizonica\/candicans","volume":"151","author":"Ag\u00fcero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1364-3703.2004.00262.X","article-title":"Evaluation of tolerance to Pierce\u2019s disease and Botrytis in transgenic plants of Vitis vinifera L. expressing the pear PGIP gene","volume":"6","author":"Ag\u00fcero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. 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