{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:40Z","timestamp":1790920540722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of cultivating different herbaceous perennials on the rhizosphere microenvironment, nitrogen-cycling microbial communities, and functional genes in black soils of urban green spaces in Northeast China, thereby providing a scientific basis for rational urban plant configuration and interspecific differences in soil nutrient cycling. Focusing on five commonly utilized herbaceous perennials in Changchun (\n                    <jats:italic>Lycopus lucidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    [P-LL],\n                    <jats:italic>Salvia japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    [P-SJ],\n                    <jats:italic>Hemerocallis fulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    [P-HF],\n                    <jats:italic>Hosta ensata<\/jats:italic>\n                    [P-HE], and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudolysimachion spicatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    [P-PS]), this study integrated conventional physicochemical analyses, metagenomic sequencing, co-occurrence networks, and Random Forest modeling to analyze rhizosphere soil nutrient profiles, nitrogen-cycling microbial community structures, and key functional gene abundances after two years of continuous cultivation. Different floral treatments significantly altered rhizosphere nutrient status and microbial community composition. The P-LL treatment exhibited relatively higher contents of total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), available phosphorus, and available potassium, demonstrating a high-level soil multifunctionality index (SMI). The P-PS treatment showed higher available nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen but lower SMBN, accompanied by a higher relative abundance of Actinomycetota and the assembly of a microbial co-occurrence network with enhanced connectivity and robustness, indicating a potent organic nitrogen mineralization potential in its rhizosphere. The composition of nitrogen-cycling genes remained broadly stable across treatments, dominated by ammonia assimilation genes (\n                    <jats:italic>glnA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>gltB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), with a relatively low abundance of denitrification genes (\n                    <jats:italic>nirK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Multivariate and Random Forest analyses revealed that SMBN exerted the strongest positive regulatory effect on nitrogen-sensing genes (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>ntrY<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ntrX<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), whereas TN, nitrate nitrogen (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    -N), and available potassium (AK) emerged as the paramount direct drivers determining the abundance variations of core ammonia assimilation genes. Different herbaceous perennials shaped species-specific rhizosphere nutrient and microbial functional profiles. P-LL and P-PS exhibited superior comprehensive nutrient traits and potential nitrogen mineralization characteristics, respectively, making them excellent candidate species for urban green space configuration and future mixed-planting trials in cold regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1961532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:37:48Z","timestamp":1790919468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of cultivation of herbaceous perennials on soil microbial community structure and nitrogen cycling functions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pushun","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13141981","article-title":"Root influences rhizosphere hydraulic properties through soil organic carbon and microbial activity","volume":"13","author":"Batista","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19252","article-title":"Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above- and belowground nitrogen losses","volume":"240","author":"Bender","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(85)90144-0","article-title":"Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil","volume":"17","author":"Brookes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soil Biol. 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