{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:52:05Z","timestamp":1791525125350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) catalyzes the formation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, which is the precursor for the generation of a variety of metabolites that have significant roles in plant growth and development. In\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , ACL is encoded by three\n                    <jats:italic>ACLA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and two\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. The genetic functions of these genes were characterized by using combinations of null alleles of each subunit-gene. Individual\n                    <jats:italic>acla<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants and double mutants that retained only the functional\n                    <jats:italic>ACLA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>ACLA3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene exhibited normal growth, indicating substantial functional redundancy among the\n                    <jats:italic>ACLA<\/jats:italic>\n                    paralogs. These mutants showed minimal effects on cytosolic acetyl-CoA-derived metabolites, although anthocyanin content consistently increased. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>aclb1; aclb2<\/jats:italic>\n                    double mutants were not recoverable, rather embryo development was arrested at the torpedo stage, demonstrating that ACL activity is essential for embryogenesis. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB<\/jats:italic>\n                    paralogs were not functionally equivalent during vegetative growth. Plants carrying a single functional\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele in the absence of\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    functionality displayed a severe dwarf phenotype, whereas plants carrying a single\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele in the absence of\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    appeared wild type, revealing synthetic haploinsufficiency of\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reduced\n                    <jats:italic>ACLB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    dosage also decreased cuticular wax accumulation in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the Arabidopsis\n                    <jats:italic>ACL<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene family combines paralog redundancy with subunit-specific synthetic haploinsufficiency essential for normal growth and development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1961717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:34:40Z","timestamp":1791524080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional redundancy and synthetic haploinsufficiency among Arabidopsis ATP-citrate lyase genes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Basil J.","family":"Nikolau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology","place":["Ames, IA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libuse","family":"Brachova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology","place":["Ames, IA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology","place":["Ames, IA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve Syrkin","family":"Wurtele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic, Development and Cellular Biology, Iowa State University","place":["Ames, IA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laurence H. 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