{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:00:12Z","timestamp":1790312412148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32541089, 32541084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32541089, 32541084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glyphosate resistance in weeds is often mediated by target-site changes in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), but non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to field-evolved resistance. Here, we characterized a glyphosate-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Eleusine indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    population collected from cotton fields in Xinjiang, China. Whole-plant dose\u2013response analysis showed that the resistant population GR-R had a 3.36-fold higher GR\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    than the susceptible population GR-S. GR-R also accumulated substantially less shikimic acid after glyphosate treatment (approximately two-fold lower than GR-S at 24 and 48 hours after treatment), indicating reduced impact on the shikimate pathway. However, sequencing of a conserved\n                    <jats:italic>EPSPS<\/jats:italic>\n                    region revealed no substitutions at known resistance-associated residues, and\n                    <jats:italic>EPSPS<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression did not differ significantly between GR-R and GR-S. RNA-seq analysis identified 364 differentially expressed genes, with enrichment of oxidative stress, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, hormone signaling, and transporter-related processes. Four upregulated genes associated with herbicide metabolic resistance,\n                    <jats:italic>CYP94C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ABCA7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ABCG37<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>ABCG39<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were validated by qPCR. Structural modeling and molecular docking suggested potential interactions between glyphosate and the encoded proteins, with ABCG39 showing the strongest predicted binding among the ABC transporters. These results suggest that glyphosate resistance in GR-R is not driven by common\n                    <jats:italic>EPSPS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based mechanisms but is associated with NTSR involving cytochrome P450 and ABC transporter candidates. Our findings provide a foundation for functional studies of P450- and transporter-mediated glyphosate resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>E. indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1970303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:28:08Z","timestamp":1790310488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-target-site resistance mechanisms to glyphosate in Eleusine indica from Xinjiang cotton fields"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Xinjiang Corps in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikai","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Xinjiang Corps in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Xinjiang Corps in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongxin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Xinjiang Corps in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Xinjiang Corps in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps","place":["Alaer, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104746118","article-title":"An ABC transporter of the ABCC subfamily localized at the plasma membrane confers glyphosate resistance","volume":"118","author":"Amrhein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. 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