{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1790751412593,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to distinguish drought accumulation timescale from response timing in stable vegetation in the Weihe River Basin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and ERA5-Drought standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) data for 2003\u20132024 on the native 0.25\u00b0 drought grid. Persistent land-cover classification required at least 18 valid annual classifications and a modal-class fraction of at least 80%. Four accumulation timescales (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) and 13 window-end lags (0\u201312 months) formed 52 response\u2013exposure combinations. We controlled for growing-season month effects and a linear trend. We applied maximum-statistic tests with synchronized 2-year moving-block resampling and controlled the false discovery rate across cells using the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The area-weighted mean of grid-cell partial correlations peaked at SPEI-12, lag 0 (r = 0.3216), with a mean slope of 0.00971 EVI units per SPEI unit. Of 190 eligible cells, 126 showed a corrected positive association, covering 69.68% of eligible stable-vegetation area. Grasslands and high-elevation areas had stronger descriptive responses. Relaxing valid-area coverage from 0.70 to 0.50 retained the basin-wide peak. Across detected cells, the median bootstrap reselection frequency of the observed best timescale\u2013lag combination was 53.1%. Across 2,252 SPEI-3 grid-cell drought events, the mean EVI residual reached \u22120.00909 one month after onset (95% onset-year block-bootstrap interval, \u22120.01448 to \u22120.00439). Among 2,105 uncensored events, meteorological drought termination was confirmed a median of 3 months after the last dry month (interquartile range, 2\u20133 months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dominant association links vegetation condition to the 12-month water balance ending in the response month. These findings support monitoring that combines long-term water balance, early vegetation responses, and continued vegetation observations after meteorological drought termination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1974112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:05:51Z","timestamp":1790748351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Responses of stable vegetation to drought accumulation timescales and time lags in the Weihe River Basin"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiangxiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University","place":["Tianshui, Gansu, China"]},{"name":"Research Center for Disaster Early Warning and Intelligent Prevention and Control in the Weihe River Basin","place":["Tianshui, Gansu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaya","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University","place":["Tianshui, Gansu, China"]},{"name":"Research Center for Disaster Early Warning and Intelligent Prevention and Control in the Weihe River Basin","place":["Tianshui, Gansu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170191","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.191","article-title":"TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958\u20132015","volume":"5","author":"Abatzoglou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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