{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:55:13Z","timestamp":1789851313835,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T13:03:30Z","timestamp":1441112610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Complex Trauma Questionnaire (ComplexTQ): development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument for measuring early relational trauma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Carola","family":"Maggiora Vergano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lauriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Speranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.11.008","article-title":"Childhood adversity and personality disorders: results from a nationally representative population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Afifi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Attachment in infancy, early and late childhood: a longitudinal study","volume-title":"Attachment in Middle Childhood","author":"Ammaniti","year":"2005"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20081","article-title":"A prevention and promotion intervention program in the field of mother\u2013infant relationship","volume":"27","author":"Ammaniti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.01.005","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and prescribed psychotropic medications in adults","volume":"32","author":"Anda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.09.006","article-title":"Differential correlates of multi-type maltreatment among urban youth","volume":"31","author":"Arata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830600821231","article-title":"Child maltreatment and insecure attachment: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Baer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Infant Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.03.001","article-title":"Adult recall of childhood psychological maltreatment: definitional strategies and challenges","volume":"31","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.5.870","article-title":"A psychometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview: reliability and discriminant validity","volume":"29","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730902814762","article-title":"The first 10,000 adult attachment interviews: distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups","volume":"11","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5834.00035","article-title":"Maltreatment, negative expressivity, and the development of type D attachments from 12 to 24 months of age","volume":"64","author":"Barnett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Dev."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940000585X","article-title":"Child maltreatment, attachment, and the self system: emergence of an internal state lexicon in toddlers at high social risk","volume":"6","author":"Beeghly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132","article-title":"Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect","volume":"151","author":"Bernstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.66.3.241.23366","article-title":"Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression","volume":"66","author":"Bifulco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Menninger. Clin."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.6.1406","article-title":"Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study","volume":"64","author":"Boney-McCoy","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000243824.84651.6c","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the early trauma inventory\u2013self report","volume":"195","author":"Bremner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2012.659801","article-title":"The Psychological Maltreatment Review (PMR): initial reliability and association with insecure attachment in adults","volume":"21","author":"Briere","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aggress. Maltreat. Trauma"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31803044e2","article-title":"Self-awareness, affect regulation, and relatedness: differential sequels of childhood versus adult victimization experiences","volume":"195","author":"Briere","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027312","article-title":"Links between child and adolescent trauma exposure and service use histories in a national clinic-referred sample","volume":"5","author":"Briggs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.1.55","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse","volume":"148","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.25.4.525","article-title":"Disorganized\/disoriented attachment relationships in maltreated infants","volume":"25","author":"Carlson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007598","article-title":"Attachment organization in maltreated preschoolers","volume":"3","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060329","article-title":"Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventative interventions","volume":"18","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00112-1","article-title":"Co-occurring forms of child maltreatment and adult adjustment reported by Latina college students","volume":"27","author":"Clemmons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20444","article-title":"A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity","volume":"22","author":"Cloitre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edn","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20050501-05","article-title":"Complex trauma in children and adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Ann."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood","volume":"64","author":"Copeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determining the number of factors to retain in EFA: using the SPSS R-Menu v2.0 to make more judicious estimations","volume":"18","author":"Courtney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Practical Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/1942-9681.S.1.86","article-title":"Complex trauma, complex reactions: assessment and treatment","author":"Courtois","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma S"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409990289","article-title":"Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk family: a series of meta-analyses","volume":"22","author":"Cyr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559504271630","article-title":"Child maltreatment in depressed adolescents: differences in symptomatology based on history of abuse","volume":"10","author":"Danielson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2011.554005","article-title":"Autonomic correlates of attachment insecurity in a sample of women with eating disorders","volume":"13","author":"Dias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.8.811","article-title":"Effect of abuse on health results of a national survey","volume":"156","author":"Diaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.015","article-title":"Development and initial psychometric properties of the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (CAMI): a comprehensive self-report measure of child maltreatment history","volume":"34","author":"DiLillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00339.x","article-title":"Risk factors of parents abused as children: a mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part I)","volume":"46","author":"Dixon","year":"2005a","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-008-9215-2","article-title":"Patterns of risk and protective factors in the intergenerational cycle of maltreatment","volume":"24","author":"Dixon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Family Violence"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00340.x","article-title":"Attributions and behaviours of parents abused as children: a mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part II)","volume":"46","author":"Dixon","year":"2005b","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","article-title":"The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.2307\/1131569","article-title":"Psychophysiology in attachment interviews: converging evidence for deactivating strategies","volume":"63","author":"Dozier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/088626094009004010","article-title":"Neglecting the neglect of neglect","volume":"9","author":"Dubowitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.04.002","article-title":"Understanding and addressing the \u201cneglect of neglect\u201d: digging into the molehill","volume":"31","author":"Dubowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854893020001003","article-title":"A conceptual definition of child neglect","volume":"20","author":"Dubowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crim. Justice Behav."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.09.024","article-title":"Defining child neglect based on child protective services data","volume":"29","author":"Dubowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181a653b7","article-title":"Quality of early care and childhood trauma: a prospective study of developmental pathways to dissociation","volume":"197","author":"Dutra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.12.008","article-title":"Maltreatment's wake: the relationship of maltreatment dimensions to child outcomes","volume":"29","author":"English","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-013-0461-9","article-title":"Memories of attachment hamper EEG in cortical connectivity dissociative patients","volume":"264","author":"Farina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008","article-title":"Poly-victimization: a neglected component in child victimization","volume":"31","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.09.012","article-title":"Lifetime assessment of poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"33","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04783","article-title":"Complex trauma among psychiatrically impaired children","volume":"70","author":"Ford","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.11.212","article-title":"Poly-victimization and risk of posttraumatic, depressive, and substance use disorders and involvement in delinquency in a national sample of adolescents","volume":"46","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024497400891","article-title":"Early childhood trauma and disorders of extreme stress as predictors of treatment outcome with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"11","author":"Ford","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.632343","article-title":"Randomized trial comparison of emotion regulation and relational psychotherapies for PTSD with girls involved in delinquency","volume":"41","author":"Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030005","article-title":"A new look at Horn's parallel analysis with ordinal variables","volume":"18","author":"Garrido","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1300\/J485v08n01_03","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood trauma in a clinical population of transsexual people","volume":"8","author":"Gehring","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Transgend"},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"Adult Attachment Interview","author":"George","year":"1984"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0355(199623)17:3%3C198::AID-IMHJ2%3E3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Representational models of relationships: links between caregiving and attachment","volume":"17","author":"George","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"833","article-title":"The caregiving system: a behavioral systems approach to parenting","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, 2nd Edn","author":"George","year":"2008"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","article-title":"Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries","volume":"373","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B60","first-page":"91","article-title":"Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network","volume":"90","author":"Greeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.08.1.p023","article-title":"Computing inter-rater reliability for observational data: an overview and tutorial","volume":"8","author":"Hallgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tutor. Quant. Methods Psychol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x","article-title":"Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence","volume":"45","author":"Hardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"79","article-title":"Psychological maltreatment","volume-title":"The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment","author":"Hart","year":"2002"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.03.006","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of psychotherapy with sexually abused children and adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Harvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20494","article-title":"Neurobiological and psychiatric consequences of child abuse and neglect","volume":"52","author":"Heim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080244","article-title":"Preschool antecedents of adolescent assaultive behavior: a longitudinal study","volume":"67","author":"Herrenkohl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"B67","first-page":"552","article-title":"The adult attachment interview: protocol, method of analysis, and empirical studies","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment","author":"Hesse","year":"2008"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"50","article-title":"Differentiating between child maltreatment experiences","volume":"69","author":"Higgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fam. Matters"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00030-6","article-title":"Multiple forms of child abuse and neglect: adult retrospective reports","volume":"6","author":"Higgins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Beh."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"153","article-title":"Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables","volume-title":"Qual. Quant.","author":"Holgado-Tello","year":"2008"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199910000-00009","article-title":"Child and adolescent abuse and neglect research: a review of the past 10 years. Part 1: physical and emotional abuse and neglect","volume":"38","author":"Kaplan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NMD.0000054932.22929.5D","article-title":"Dissociative disorders and traumatic childhood experiences in transsexuals","volume":"191","author":"Kersting","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"4","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society","volume":"61","author":"Kessler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/19361520903120467","article-title":"Assessment of complex trauma exposure, responses, and service needs among children and adolescents in child welfare","volume":"2","author":"Kisiel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Trauma"},{"key":"B75","article-title":"Personality attachment in transsexual adults","author":"Lingiardi","year":"submitted","journal-title":"Arch. Sex Behav"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.03.002","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of a new assessment method for childhood maltreatment experiences: the interview for traumatic events in childhood (ITEC)","volume":"33","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03192753","article-title":"FACTOR: a computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model","volume":"38","author":"Lorenzo-Seva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Meth."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.23.2.223","article-title":"Infants at social risk: relations among infant maltreatment, maternal behavior, and infant attachment behavior","volume":"23","author":"Lyons-Ruth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B79","first-page":"666","article-title":"Attachment disorganization: genetic factors, parenting contexts, and developmental transformation from infancy to adulthood","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, 2nd Edn.","author":"Lyons-Ruth","year":"2008"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20181","article-title":"Pathways from infant exposure to marital conflict to parent-toddler role reversal","volume":"29","author":"Macfie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"127","article-title":"Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment","volume-title":"Attachment Across Life Cycle","author":"Main","year":"1991"},{"key":"B82","volume-title":"Adult Attachment Scoring and Classification System (Version 7.2)","author":"Main","year":"2003"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401004023","article-title":"Dimensions of child maltreatment and children's adjustment: contributions of developmental timing and subtype","volume":"13","author":"Manly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-009-0040-9","article-title":"Youth exposed to violence: stability, co-occurrence, and context","volume":"12","author":"Margolin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200508000-00002","article-title":"Parental emotional support and subsequent internalizing and externalizing problems among children","volume":"26","author":"McCarty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"B86","first-page":"71","article-title":"Regolazione affettiva e psicopatologia nei giovani adulti: una ricerca clinica","volume":"10","author":"Mirizio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infanzia e Adolescenza"},{"key":"B87","volume-title":"BILOG 3 Item Analysis and Test Scoring with Binary Logistic Models","author":"Mislevy","year":"1990"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.6.806","article-title":"Relationship between dissociation, childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, and mental illness in a general population sample","volume":"155","author":"Mulder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00112-3","article-title":"The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: a community study","volume":"20","author":"Mullen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.09.004","article-title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): implications for parent child relationships","volume":"38","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14293","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2336126100","article-title":"Differential responses to psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic forms of major depression and childhood trauma","volume":"100","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B92","first-page":"242","article-title":"Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in clinical and research settings","volume-title":"Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society","author":"Newman","year":"1996"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6803_6","article-title":"Factor analytic approaches to personality item-level data","volume":"68","author":"Panter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012551","article-title":"The national child traumatic stress network: collaborating to improve the standard of care","volume":"39","author":"Pynoos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006","article-title":"Adult attachment measures: a 25-year review","volume":"69","author":"Ravitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.4.678","article-title":"The Adult Attachment Interview and self-reports of attachment style: an empirical rapprochement","volume":"92","author":"Roisman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000126701.23121.fa","article-title":"Instruments for the assessment of childhood trauma in adults","volume":"192","author":"Roy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025697","article-title":"Determining the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis using comparison data of known factorial structure","volume":"24","author":"Ruscio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.12.007","article-title":"Childhood abuse, chronic pain, and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"31","author":"Sachs-Ericsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.30.5.771","article-title":"Stability and discriminant validity of the Adult Attachment Interview: a psychometric study in young Israeli adults","volume":"30","author":"Sagi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00090-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood sexual, physical, and combined sexual and physical abuse to adult victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"22","author":"Schaaf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511777042.021","article-title":"Biological framework for traumatic dissociation related to early life trauma","volume-title":"The Impact of Early Relational Trauma on Health and Disease. The Hidden Epidemic","author":"Schmahl","year":"2010"},{"key":"B103","volume-title":"Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development","author":"Schore","year":"1999"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20159","article-title":"Cumulative interpersonal traumas and social support as risk and resiliency factors in predicting PTSD and depression among inner-city women","volume":"19","author":"Schumm","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.19.1.4","article-title":"Emotional support from parents early in life, aging, and health","volume":"19","author":"Shaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.07.006","article-title":"Long-term effects of interparental violence and child physical maltreatment experiences on PTSD and behavior problems: a national survey of Taiwanese college students","volume":"33","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559502250827","article-title":"Improving the measurement of child neglect for survey research: issues and recommendations","volume":"8","author":"Slack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1710\/1862.20338","article-title":"Le rappresentazioni mentali e il trauma pregresso nei genitori di bambini maltrattati","volume":"14","author":"Speranza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infanzia e Adolescenza"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20050501-09","article-title":"Survey evaluates complex trauma exposure, outcome, and intervention among children and adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Spinazzola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Ann."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505274675","article-title":"Variables differentiating singly and multiply victimized youth: results from the national survey of adolescents and implications for secondary prevention","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0549-y","article-title":"The neglect of child neglect: a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect","volume":"48","author":"Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.08.005","article-title":"Definition and measurement of neglectful behavior: some principles and guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Straus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B113","volume-title":"The Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale, Form A: Adolescent and Adult-recall Version","author":"Straus","year":"1995"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117423","article-title":"The \u2018Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure\u2019 (MACE) Scale for the retrospective assessment of abuse and neglect during development","volume":"10","author":"Teicher","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023353","article-title":"Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis","volume":"16","author":"Timmerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.08.001","article-title":"Variations in emotional abuse experiences among multiply maltreated young adolescents and relations with developmental outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Trickett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.012","article-title":"Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B118","volume-title":"Child Maltreatment 2010.","author":"U.S. Department of Health Human Services","year":"2011"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511777042.008","article-title":"Towards a developmental trauma disorder diagnosis for childhood interpersonal trauma","volume-title":"The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease: The Hidden Epidemic","author":"van der Kolk","year":"2010"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.387","article-title":"Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: a meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview","volume":"117","author":"van IJzendoorn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B121","first-page":"69","article-title":"The distribution of adult attachment representations in clinical groups: a meta-analytic search for patterns of attachment in 105 AAI studies","volume-title":"Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview","author":"van IJzendoorn","year":"2008"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002035","article-title":"Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae","volume":"11","author":"van IJzendoorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.09.018","article-title":"Biological and psychosocial correlates of adult gender-variant identities: a review","volume":"48","author":"Veale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Differ."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.04.010","article-title":"Child multi-type maltreatment and associated depression and PTSD symptoms: the role of social support and stress","volume":"31","author":"Vranceanu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.49","article-title":"A prospective investigation of major depressive disorder and comorbidity in abused and neglected children grown up","volume":"64","author":"Widom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01524.x","article-title":"Child maltreatment as a social problem: the neglect of neglect","volume":"54","author":"Wolock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T10:14:59Z","timestamp":1748600099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":126,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}