{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:44:12Z","timestamp":1790761452389,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T04:08:41Z","timestamp":1501733321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Is Shame Hallucinogenic?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"McCarthy-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-006-9069-9","article-title":"Being silenced: the impact of negative social reactions on the disclosure of rape","volume":"38","author":"Ahrens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Commun. Psychol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.02.003","article-title":"Contributions of emotional prosody comprehension deficits to the formation of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Alba-Ferrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.1.69","article-title":"Predicting PTSD symptoms in victims of violent crime: the role of shame, anger, and childhood abuse","volume":"109","author":"Andrews","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/15299730903143600","article-title":"An exploratory analysis of voice hearing in chronic PTSD: potential associated mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Anketell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers","volume-title":"Athanasius: Select Works and Letters","author":"Schaff","year":"1994"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00124-6","article-title":"Assessment of shame and guilt in a psychiatric sample: a comparison of two measures","volume":"32","author":"Averill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.07.011","article-title":"The role of emotion regulation in auditory hallucinations","volume":"185","author":"Badcock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001723","article-title":"A community of one: social cognition and auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs049","article-title":"Do specific early-life adversities lead to specific symptoms of psychosis? A study from the 2007 the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey","volume":"38","author":"Bentall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613504116","article-title":"Regulatory flexibility: an individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation","volume":"8","author":"Bonanno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.1.94","article-title":"When the face reveals what words do not: facial expressions of emotion, smiling, and the willingness to disclose childhood sexual abuse","volume":"83","author":"Bonanno","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3371\/CSRP.5.3.5","article-title":"The comorbidity of psychotic symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence for a specifier in DSM-5","volume":"5","author":"Bosson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Schizophr. Relat. Psychoses"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"432","article-title":"Brain modules of hallucination: an analysis of multiple patients with brain lesions","volume":"28","author":"Braun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003596397","article-title":"Associations of hallucination proneness with free-recall intrusions and response bias in a nonclinical sample","volume":"32","author":"Br\u00e9bion","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/08873267.2014.993072","article-title":"Understanding and helping people with hallucinations based on the theory of negative legacy emotions","volume":"43","author":"Breggin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Humanist. Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05469blu","article-title":"Auditory pseudohallucinations in United Kingdom war veterans and civilians with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"71","author":"Brewin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.07.032","article-title":"The role of shame in posttraumatic stress disorder: a proposal for a socio-emotional model for DSM-V","volume":"69","author":"Budden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"66","article-title":"A model of the effects of child sexual abuse on post-traumatic stress: The mediating role of attributions of blame and avoidance coping","volume":"23","author":"Cant\u00f3n-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.2.190","article-title":"The omnipotence of voices. A cognitive approach to auditory hallucinations","volume":"164","author":"Chadwick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020113","article-title":"When distress does not become depression: emotion context sensitivity and adjustment to bereavement","volume":"119","author":"Coifman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.02.004","article-title":"Resilience to adult psychopathology following childhood maltreatment: evidence from a community sample","volume":"31","author":"Collishaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00213","article-title":"Through the looking glass: self-reassuring meta-cognitive capacity and its relationship with the thematic content of voices","volume":"7","author":"Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2013.816337","article-title":"The origins of voices: links between life history and voice hearing in a survey of 100 cases","volume":"5","author":"Corstens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychosis"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2016.1267682","article-title":"Auditory Hallucinations and PTSD in Ex-Pows","author":"Crompton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trauma Dissoc."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000761","article-title":"Childhood trauma and auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"42","author":"Daalman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505279306","article-title":"Understanding and treating feelings of shame in children who have experienced maltreatment","volume":"10","author":"Deblinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000240839.56114.bb","article-title":"A follow-up study of a multisite, randomized, controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms","volume":"45","author":"Deblinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465809005244","article-title":"Avoiding false negatives: are some auditory hallucinations an evolved design flaw?","volume":"37","author":"Dodgson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2012.659803","article-title":"Shame and guilt in men exposed to childhood sexual abuse: a qualitative investigation","volume":"21","author":"Dorahy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Child Sex. Abus."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.10.010","article-title":"Complex trauma and intimate relationships: the impact of shame, guilt and dissociation","volume":"147","author":"Dorahy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.007","article-title":"Reactive dissociative experiences in response to acute increases in shame feelings","volume":"89","author":"Dorahy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208411068","article-title":"An argument for basic emotions","volume":"6","author":"Ekman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cogn. Emotion"},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Children Hearing Voices: What You Need to Know and What You Can Do","author":"Escher","year":"2010"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-6866.2004.00315.x","article-title":"Determinants of outcome in the pathways through care for children hearing voices","volume":"13","author":"Escher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Welf."},{"key":"B36","volume-title":"Mental Maladies: A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Esquirol","year":"1845"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505281307","article-title":"Emotional development, shame, and adaptation to child maltreatment","volume":"10","author":"Feiring","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505276686","article-title":"The persistence of shame following sexual abuse: a longitudinal look at risk and recovery","volume":"10","author":"Feiring","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559502007001003","article-title":"Trying to understand why horrible things happen: attribution, shame, and symptom development following sexual abuse","volume":"7","author":"Feiring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456","article-title":"Coping: pitfalls and promise","volume":"55","author":"Folkman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00104-3","article-title":"Connecting neurosis and psychosis: the direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations","volume":"41","author":"Freeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/10709.003.0014","article-title":"What's the use of consciousness? How the stab of conscience made us really conscious","volume-title":"Where's the Action? The Pragmatic Turn in Cognitive Science","author":"Frith","year":"2016"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003312","article-title":"A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis","volume":"31","author":"Garety","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"39","article-title":"What is shame? Some core issues and controversies","volume-title":"Shame: Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology, and Culture","author":"Gilbert","year":"1989"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01893.x","article-title":"The evolution of social attractiveness and its role in shame, humiliation, guilt and therapy","volume":"70","author":"Gilbert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"B46","volume-title":"The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach to Life's Challenges","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"99","article-title":"Shame, status, and social roles: psychobiology and evolution","volume-title":"Shame: Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology, and Culture","author":"Gilbert","year":"1989"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181ab2ebd","article-title":"Shame, guilt, and posttraumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse at risk for human immunodeficiency virus: outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of group psychotherapy treatment","volume":"197","author":"Ginzburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B49","volume-title":"Stigma","author":"Goffman","year":"1986"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000172480.56308.21","article-title":"Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis","volume":"193","author":"Hardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Mental Dis."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm079","article-title":"A social deafferentation hypothesis for induction of active schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Hoffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1683","article-title":"Synaptic elimination, neurodevelopment, and the mechanism of hallucinated \u201cvoices\u201d in schizophrenia","volume":"154","author":"Hoffman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/153476569500100201","article-title":"The problem of auditory hallucinations in combat PTSD","volume":"1","author":"Holmes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-690X.2003.00217.x","article-title":"Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences","volume":"109","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.06.003","article-title":"The roles of thought suppression and metacognitive style in proneness to auditory verbal hallucinations in a non-clinical sample","volume":"41","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.09.008","article-title":"Rumination, reflection, intrusive thoughts, and hallucination-proneness: towards a new model","volume":"47","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1258","article-title":"The 16-year course of shame and its risk factors in patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"8","author":"Karan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personal. Ment. Health"},{"key":"B58","volume-title":"The Psychology of Shame: Theory and Treatment of Shame-Based Syndromes","author":"Kaufman","year":"1989"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12091169","article-title":"Childhood trauma and psychosis in a prospective cohort study: cause, effect, and directionality","volume":"170","author":"Kelleher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.11.1332","article-title":"Blame, shame, and community: justice responses to violence against women","volume":"55","author":"Koss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"B61","volume-title":"Sanity, Madness and the Family","author":"Laing","year":"1964"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015255311837","article-title":"Shame and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"15","author":"Leskela","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025995","article-title":"Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing","volume":"138","author":"Longden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.786","article-title":"Understanding the importance of attachment in shame traumatic memory relation to depression: the impact of emotion regulation processes","volume":"20","author":"Matos","year":"","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1766","article-title":"The effect of shame and shame memories on paranoid ideation and social anxiety","volume":"20","author":"Matos","year":"","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.566","article-title":"Compassionate mind training with people who hear malevolent voices: a case series report","volume":"15","author":"Mayhew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.004","article-title":"Voices from the storm: a critical review of quantitative studies of auditory verbal hallucinations and childhood sexual abuse","volume":"31","author":"McCarthy-Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139017534","volume-title":"Hearing Voices: The Histories, Causes and Meanings of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations","author":"McCarthy-Jones","year":"2012"},{"key":"B69","volume-title":"Can't You Hear Them? The Science and Significance of Hearing Voices","author":"McCarthy-Jones","year":"2017"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01071","article-title":"Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder: common phenomenology, common cause, common interventions?","volume":"6","author":"McCarthy-Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20228","article-title":"Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"24","author":"Michael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B72","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia","volume-title":"Treating Complex Cases: The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Approach","author":"Morrison","year":"1998"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00143-6","article-title":"Intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations: a comparative study of intrusions in psychosis","volume":"38","author":"Morrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.3.299","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations in combat-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"144","author":"Mueser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003381X","article-title":"The auditory hallucination: a phenomenological survey","volume":"26","author":"Nayani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179800751X","article-title":"Aspects of dysphoria and symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Norman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206292958","article-title":"Self-conscious emotions and depression: rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive","volume":"32","author":"Orth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002650","article-title":"It's not what you hear, it's the way you think about it: appraisals as determinants of affect and behaviour in voice hearers","volume":"42","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.004","article-title":"The relationship between dissociation and voices: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Pilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024253","article-title":"Trauma and negative underlying assumptions in feelings of shame: an exploratory study","volume":"4","author":"Platt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2006.00927.x","article-title":"\u2018Disgust, disgust beyond description\u2019\u2013shame cues to detect shame in disguise, in interviews with women who were sexually abused during childhood","volume":"13","author":"Rahm","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/14760830260569210","article-title":"Sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adulthood as predictors of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder","volume":"76","author":"Read","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.11.1467","article-title":"Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder among adult psychiatric inpatients with a history of child abuse","volume":"50","author":"Read","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"B84","volume-title":"Living with Voices. 50 Stories of Recovery","author":"Romme","year":"2009"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2882.441","article-title":"Mental conditions following strain and nerve shock","volume":"1","author":"Rows","year":"1916","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"B86","volume-title":"Male on Male Rape: The Hidden Toll of Stigma and Shame","author":"Scarce","year":"2001"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038264","article-title":"Early stigmatization, PTSD, and perceived negative reactions of others predict subsequent strategies for processing child sexual abuse","volume":"6","author":"Simon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Violence"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559510370365","article-title":"Making meaning of traumatic events: youths' strategies for processing childhood sexual abuse are associated with psychosocial adjustment","volume":"15","author":"Simon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1976.tb00053.x","article-title":"Towards a theory of auditory hallucinations: outline of an hypothetical four-factor model","volume":"15","author":"Slade","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.06.018","article-title":"Emotion and psychosis: links between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations","volume":"86","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2009.12.003","article-title":"Cognitive triggers of auditory hallucinations: an experimental investigation","volume":"41","author":"Stinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000048959.29766.ae","article-title":"Shame-proneness as a diathesis for dissociation in women with histories of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"17","author":"Talbot","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.6.1256","article-title":"Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions?","volume":"70","author":"Tangney","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820010037005","article-title":"Psychopathologic precursors and sociodemographic risk factors for the schizophrenia syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Tien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(90)90017-Z","article-title":"The past explains the present: emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments","volume":"11","author":"Tooby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ethol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00531","article-title":"An examination of auditory processing and affective prosody in relatives of patients with auditory hallucinations","volume":"7","author":"Tucker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12007","article-title":"The contribution of shame to post-psychotic trauma","volume":"52","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001826","article-title":"Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucination-proneness","volume":"42","author":"Varese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs045","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia populations: a review and integrated model of cognitive mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Waters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199301096.001.0001","volume-title":"Understanding the Emotional Disorders: A Symptom-Level Approach Based on the IDAS-II","author":"Watson","year":"2017"},{"key":"B101","volume-title":"White Bears and Other Unwanted Thoughts","author":"Wegner","year":"1989"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2016-011167","article-title":"On shame and voice-hearing","author":"Woods","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Humanit."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01310\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T20:46:23Z","timestamp":1692909983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01310\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"article-number":"1310"}}