{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:44:40Z","timestamp":1787168680123,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T04:01:42Z","timestamp":1518408102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Are Psychotic Experiences Related to Poorer Reflective Reasoning?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martin J.","family":"M\u00e6kel\u00e6","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerit","family":"Pfuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150563","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0563","article-title":"Perspective-taking abilities in the balance between autism tendencies and psychosis proneness","volume":"282","author":"Abu-Akel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310737","article-title":"Computational psychiatry: towards a mathematically informed understanding of mental illness","volume":"87","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615588195","article-title":"When knowledge knows no bounds","volume":"26","author":"Atir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867411435291","article-title":"Over-adjustment or miscomprehension? A re-examination of the jumping to conclusions bias","volume":"46","author":"Balzan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2016.1240072","article-title":"Overconfidence across the psychosis continuum: a calibration approach","volume":"21","author":"Balzan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-007-9014-0","article-title":"Mathematical talent is linked to autism","volume":"18","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Nat."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)90131-7","article-title":"The self, attributional processes and abnormal beliefs: towards a model of persecutory delusions","volume":"32","author":"Bentall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1844-5","article-title":"Brief report: an evaluation of the Aq-10 as a brief screening instrument for ASD in adults","volume":"43","author":"Booth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500001819","article-title":"Measuring risk literacy: the berlin numeracy test","volume":"7","author":"Cokely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X08004214","article-title":"Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain","volume":"31","author":"Crespi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2501\/IJMR-2013-043","article-title":"Including Don't know answer options in brand image surveys improves data quality","volume":"56","author":"Dolnicar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Market Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv150","article-title":"Psychosis, delusions and the \u201cJumping to Conclusions\u201d reasoning bias: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Dudley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1984.tb01915.x","article-title":"Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning","volume":"75","author":"Evans","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1257\/089533005775196732","article-title":"Cognitive reflection and decision making","volume":"19","author":"Frederick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400826537","volume-title":"On Bullshit","author":"Frankfurt","year":"2005"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia","author":"Frith","year":"1992"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.04.001","article-title":"The association between early cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences in a community adolescent sample","volume":"112","author":"Hides","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801812","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748808402300","article-title":"Probabilistic judgements in deluded and nondeluded subjects","volume":"40","author":"Huq","year":"1988","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol. A"},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"JASP (Version 0.8.1.2)[Computer software].","year":"2017"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803322655392","article-title":"Maps of bounded rationality: psychology for behavioral economics","volume":"93","author":"Kahneman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001005","article-title":"Psychotic-like experiences in the general population: characterizing a high-risk group for psychosis","volume":"41","author":"Kelleher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31826b6eb4","article-title":"The jumping-to-conclusions bias in new religious movements","volume":"200","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.06.009","article-title":"Superstitious, magical, and paranormal beliefs: an integrative model","volume":"41","author":"Lindeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2014.09.008","article-title":"Ontological confusions but not mentalizing abilities predict religious belief, paranormal belief, and belief in supernatural purpose","volume":"134","author":"Lindeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.08.014","article-title":"Negative affect and a fluctuating jumping to conclusions bias predict subsequent paranoia in daily life: an online experience sampling study","volume":"56","author":"L\u00fcdtke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"The Psychometric Properties of the GSSWordsum Vocabulary Test","author":"Malhotra","year":"2007"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw056","article-title":"Association of the jumping to conclusions and evidence integration biases with delusions in psychosis: a detailed meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"McLean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.07.004","article-title":"A two-stage cognitive theory of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Highlighting the role of lowered decision thresholds","volume":"56","author":"Moritz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2015.1136611","article-title":"Reasoning in psychosis: risky but not necessarily hasty","volume":"21","author":"Moritz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457010","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/457010","article-title":"Can we trust the internet to measure psychotic symptoms?","volume":"2013","author":"Moritz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res. Treat."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709005923","article-title":"Decision making under uncertainty and mood induction: further evidence for liberal acceptance in schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Moritz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"66","article-title":"Plausibility judgement in schizophrenic patients: evidence for a liberal acceptance bias","volume":"7","author":"Moritz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Germ. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj034","article-title":"Incautious reasoning as a pathogenetic factor for the development of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Moritz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2010.548678","article-title":"Bayesian modelling of Jumping-to-Conclusions bias in delusional patients","volume":"16","author":"Moutoussis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500006999","article-title":"On the reception and detection of pseudo-profound bullshit","volume":"10","author":"Pennycook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.11.1053","article-title":"Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: a 15-year longitudinal study","volume":"57","author":"Poulton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu187","article-title":"Jumping to Conclusions About the Beads Task? A meta-analysis of delusional ideation and data-gathering","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1614-9","article-title":"Are the autism and positive schizotypy spectra diametrically opposed in empathizing and systemizing?","volume":"43","author":"Russell-Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.07.012","article-title":"The association between delusional-like experiences and suicidal thoughts and behaviour","volume":"132","author":"Saha","year":"","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.12.012","article-title":"The association between general psychological distress and delusional-like experiences: a large population-based study","volume":"127","author":"Saha","year":"","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.03.019","article-title":"The association between trauma and delusional-like experiences","volume":"189","author":"Saha","year":"","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01214.x","article-title":"Demographic correlates of psychotic-like experiences in young australian adults","volume":"118","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.1.3","article-title":"The empirical case for two systems of reasoning","volume":"119","author":"Sloman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00113","article-title":"Failure of conflict to modulate central executive network activity associated with delusions in schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Speechley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12101214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.11.017","article-title":"Dual-stream modulation failure: a novel hypothesis for the formation and maintenance of delusions in schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"Speechley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.090025","article-title":"The contribution of hypersalience to the jumping to conclusions bias associated with delusions in schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Speechley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199230167.003.0003","article-title":"Distinguishing the reflective, algorithmic, and autonomous minds: is it time for a tri-process theory","volume-title":"In Two Minds: Dual Processes and Beyond","author":"Stanovich","year":"2009"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701005141","article-title":"Evidence that three dimensions of psychosis have a distribution in the general population","volume":"32","author":"Stefanis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.2012.02118.x","article-title":"The separate roles of the reflective mind and involuntary inhibitory control in gatekeeping paranormal beliefs and the underlying intuitive confusions","volume":"104","author":"Svedholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500007622","article-title":"Investigating an alternate form of the cognitive reflection test","volume":"11","author":"Thomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/13546783.2013.844729","article-title":"Assessing miserly information processing: an expansion of the cognitive reflection test","volume":"20","author":"Toplak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Think. Reason"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-011-0104-1","article-title":"The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks","volume":"39","author":"Toplak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf043","article-title":"Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study","volume":"156","author":"van Os","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003814","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness\u2013 persistence\u2013impairment model of psychotic disorder","volume":"39","author":"van Os","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2010.536084","article-title":"Incorrigibility, jumping to conclusions, and decision threshold in schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Veckenstedt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.03.017","article-title":"Development of short forms of the empathy quotient (EQ-Short) and the systemizing quotient (SQ-Short)","volume":"41","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60276-2","article-title":"Discontinuity theory: cognitive and social searches for rationality and normality may lead to madness. 31","author":"Zimbardo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00122\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T23:56:32Z","timestamp":1719791792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00122\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"article-number":"122"}}