{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:55:36Z","timestamp":1792072536165,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008567","name":"Leeds Beckett University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T06:32:38Z","timestamp":1537338758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Why Do You Ride?: A Characterization of Mountain Bikers, Their Engagement Methods, and Perceived Links to Mental Health and Well-Being"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00027","article-title":"Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12092","article-title":"Qualitative synthesis and systematic review in health professions education","volume":"47","author":"Bearman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Educ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28265-7_12","article-title":"Extreme mountain biking injuries","volume-title":"Extreme Sports Medicine","author":"Becker","year":"2017"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091755","article-title":"A prospective study of downhill mountain biking injuries","volume":"47","author":"Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Social Research Methods, 5th Edn.","author":"Bryman","year":"2016"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Extreme Dude: A Phenomenological Exploration into the Extreme Sport Experience.","author":"Brymer","year":"2005"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/11745398.2010.9686845","article-title":"Risk taking in Extreme Sports: a phenomenological perspective","volume":"13","author":"Brymer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Leis. Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/18377122.2010.9730328","article-title":"The role of nature-based experiences in the development and maintenance of wellness","volume":"1","author":"Brymer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Health Sport Phys. Educ."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167808326199","article-title":"Extreme sports: a positive transformation in courage and humility","volume":"49","author":"Brymer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Human. Psychol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105312446770","article-title":"Extreme sports are good for your health: a phenomenological understanding of fear and anxiety in extreme sport","volume":"18","author":"Brymer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315661643","volume-title":"Phenomenology and the Extreme Sport Experience","author":"Brymer","year":"2017"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.3.367","article-title":"Gender differences in risk taking: a meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Byrnes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599709","article-title":"Who takes risks in high-risk sports? A typological personality approach","volume":"81","author":"Castanier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0503-3","article-title":"Adventurous physical activity environments: a mainstream intervention for mental health","volume":"46","author":"Clough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"Secondary Research - Mountain Biking Market Profiles2010"},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Research Design: Qualitative Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd Edn","author":"Cresswell","year":"2009"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Rides of Way. Cycling UK's Off-Road Report 20172017"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230299375","volume-title":"Serious Leisure and Nature: Sustainable Consumption in the Outdoors","author":"Davidson","year":"2011"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"11","article-title":"Five-point Likert items: t test versus Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon","volume":"15","author":"De Winter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"317","article-title":"Peak experiences and mountain biking: incorporating the bike into the extended self","volume":"23","author":"Dodson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Consum. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01998","article-title":"A qualitative approach on motives and aspects of risks in freeriding","volume":"8","author":"Fr\u00fchauf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B22","article-title":"Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach's Alpha reliability coeficient for Likert-Type Scales","volume-title":"Paper Presented at the Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education","author":"Gilem","year":"2003"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"HagenS. The Downhill Mountain Bike Subculture in New Zealand.2013"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.18666\/JOREL-2017-V9-I2-8266","article-title":"A national inquiry of mountain bikers: applying the benefits of hiking scale","volume":"9","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Outdoor Recreat. Educ. Leadersh."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2009.03.002","article-title":"Restorative qualities of indoor and outdoor exercise settings as predictors of exercise frequency","volume":"15","author":"Hug","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1080\/17430431003780195","article-title":"Mountain biking is for men: consumption practices and identity portrayed by a niche magazine","volume":"7","author":"Huybers-Withers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sport Soc."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0084-1","article-title":"Understanding action and adventure sports participation-an ecological dynamics perspective. Sports Med","volume":"3","author":"Immonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Women of Mountain Biking Survey Report2010"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.3.197","article-title":"Mountain biking injuries in rural England","volume":"35","author":"Jeys","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2015.1069876","article-title":"Motivational orientation and risk taking in elite winter climbers: a qualitative study","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01058","article-title":"The relationship between the physical activity environment, nature relatedness, anxiety, and the psychological well-being benefits of regular exercisers","volume":"8","author":"Lawton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00893.x","article-title":"A simple and reliable method of scoring the Thurstone Attitude Scales","volume":"46","author":"Likert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2007.07.003","article-title":"Individual differences and risk taking in rock climbing","volume":"9","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.03.001","article-title":"Self-efficacy, risk taking and performance in rock climbing","volume":"45","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/11745398.2015.1031804","article-title":"Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study","volume":"19","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Leis. Res."},{"key":"B36","volume-title":"Edgework: The Sociology of Risk Taking","author":"Lyng","year":"2005"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860600641200","article-title":"Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: the influence of help-seeking attitudes","volume":"10","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105314555169","article-title":"The relationship between nature relatedness and anxiety","volume":"21","author":"Martyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1123\/ssj.2016-0160","article-title":"Inclusion and identity in the mountain biking community: can subcultural identity and inclusivity coexist?","volume":"34","author":"McCormack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sociol. Sport J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004366.pub4","article-title":"Exercise for depression (Review)","author":"Mead","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B41","unstructured":"The Five Year Forward View for Mental Health2016"},{"key":"B42","first-page":"114","article-title":"Girl talk","volume":"10","author":"Milley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Road Bike Action"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.04.012","article-title":"Is physical activity in natural environments better for mental health than physical activity in other environments?","volume":"91","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/14775085.2016.1164069","article-title":"Serious about leisure, serious about destinations: mountain bikers and destination attractiveness","volume":"20","author":"Moularde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sport Tour."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.36019\/9780813564456","volume-title":"Why Would Anyone Do That?: Lifestyle Sport in the Twenty-First Century.","author":"Poulson","year":"2016"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/09640560601156466","article-title":"Green exercise in the UK Countryside: effects on health and psychological well-being, and implications for policy and planning","volume":"50","author":"Pretty","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plann. Manage."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2009.10.009","article-title":"Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature","volume":"30","author":"Ryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022041","article-title":"Adventure therapy: a supplementary group therapy approach for men","volume":"12","author":"Scheinfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Men Masc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/00222216.2010.11950219","article-title":"The influence of site design and resource conditions on outdoor recreation demand: a mountain biking case study","volume":"1","author":"Siderelis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Leis. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/00291950701865101","article-title":"Motivation for mountain biking in Norway: change and stability in late-modern outdoor recreation","volume":"62","author":"Sk\u00e5r","year":"2008","journal-title":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-5-4-18","article-title":"Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales","volume":"5","author":"Sullivan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/11745398.2010.9686847","article-title":"\u2018Extending the Dream Machine': understanding people's participation in mountain biking","volume":"13","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Leis. Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.414","article-title":"A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors","volume":"15","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Behav. Decis. Making"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105307082459","article-title":"A phenomenological investigation of the experience of taking part in \u2018extreme sports'","volume":"13","author":"Willig","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B55","volume-title":"Gender Disparities in Mental Health.","year":"2018"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0374-z","article-title":"Physical, psychological and emotional benefits of greenphysical activity: an ecological dynamics perspective","volume":"46","author":"Yeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jort.2016.04.009","article-title":"Riding styles and characteristics of rides among Slovenian mountain bikers and management challenges","volume":"15","author":"Zajc","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Outdoor Recreat. Tour."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"52","article-title":"Are you a risk taker?","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Today"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01642\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T05:47:04Z","timestamp":1604987224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01642\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01642","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"article-number":"1642"}}