{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:23:47Z","timestamp":1790871827821,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T05:11:46Z","timestamp":1554181906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["General and Eating Disorder Specific Flexibility: Development and Validation of the Eating Disorder Flexibility Index (EDFLIX) Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Camilla Lindvall","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine Wiig","family":"Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Arthur","family":"Wonderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Stedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22399","article-title":"Does depression matter in neuropsychological performances in anorexia nervosa? A descriptive review.","volume":"48","author":"Abbate-Daga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0395-z","article-title":"Decision making, central coherence and set-shifting: a comparison between Binge Eating Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls.","volume":"15","author":"Aloi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0608-9","article-title":"Weight and age do not account for a worse executive functioning among BED-obese patients.","author":"Aloi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.12.008","article-title":"Contributions of cognitive inflexibility to eating disorder and social anxiety symptoms.","volume":"21","author":"Arlt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eat Behav."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arx007","article-title":"What\u2019s flexible in behavioral flexibility?","volume":"28","author":"Audet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"B7","author":"Awang","year":"2012","journal-title":"A Handbook on Structural Equation Modeling Using Amos Graphic."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00174.x","article-title":"A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximations.","volume":"16","author":"Bartlett","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9754\/journal.wmc.2014.004606","article-title":"The psychological flexibility questionnaire (PFQ): development, reliability and validity.","volume":"5","author":"Ben-Itzhak","year":"2014","journal-title":"WebmedCentral PSYCHOLOGY"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0137-3","article-title":"Neurocognitive functions and social functioning in young females with recent-onset anorexia nervosa and recovered individuals.","volume":"5","author":"Bentz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2289","article-title":"Binge eating in interview versus self-report: different diagnoses show different divergences.","volume":"22","author":"Birgegard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2597","article-title":"Executive functioning and central coherence in anorexia nervosa: pilot investigation of a neurocognitive endophenotype.","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27772-6_340-2","article-title":"\u201cBehavioral flexibility: attentional shifting, rule switching, and response reversal,\u201d in","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/m15-2455","article-title":"Binge-eating disorder in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"165","author":"Brownley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B15","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Statistical Power and Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.05.053","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of decision making: prefrontal control of thought and action.","volume":"1428","author":"Coutlee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2265","article-title":"Patient and parental self-reports of executive functioning in a sample of young female adolescents with anorexia nervosa before and after cognitive remediation therapy.","volume":"22","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0222-2","article-title":"Eating disorders in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a neuroendocrinological pathway to the pathogenesis and treatment of binge eating.","volume":"6","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-014-0026-y","article-title":"A systematic review of cognitive remediation therapy for anorexia nervosa \u2013 Development, current state and implications for future research and clinical practice.","volume":"2","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs7020023","article-title":"Cognitive remediation therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa-treatment satisfaction and the perception of change.","volume":"7","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Sci. (Basel)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22596","article-title":"Transitioning from DSM-IV to DSM-5: a systematic review of eating disorder prevalence assessment.","volume":"49","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat Disord."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2430","article-title":"Executive functioning and visuospatial abilities in bulimia nervosa with or without a previous history of anorexia nervosa.","volume":"24","author":"Degortes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.033","article-title":"The influence of depressive symptoms on executive functioning in binge eating disorder: a comparison of patients and non-obese healthy controls.","volume":"274","author":"Dingemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.001","article-title":"Set-shifting abilities, mood and loss of control over eating in binge eating disorder: an experimental study.","volume":"230","author":"Dingemans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.03.034","article-title":"What makes dietary restraint problematic? Development and validation of the inflexible eating questionnaire.","volume":"114","author":"Duarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462010000400011","article-title":"Assessment of executive functions in obese individuals with binge eating disorder.","volume":"32","author":"Duchesne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2451","article-title":"Anxiety impacts cognitive inhibition in remitted anorexia nervosa.","volume":"24","author":"Ely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Eat Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.06.004","article-title":"Is impaired set-shifting a feature of \u201cpure\u201d anorexia nervosa? Investigating the role of depression in set-shifting ability in anorexia nervosa and unipolar depression.","volume":"200","author":"Giel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B29","author":"Gioia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2012.750014","article-title":"Cognitive flexibility, central coherence and social emotional processing in males with an eating disorder.","volume":"15","author":"Goddard","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.48","article-title":"Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in overweight youth.","volume":"16","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B32","author":"Hair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2018.1536200","article-title":"Executive functioning in adolescent anorexia nervosa: neuropsychology versus self- and parental-report.","author":"Herbrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00335.x","article-title":"Obesity and eating disorders.","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"B35","author":"Holmes-Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: From the Fundamentals to Advanced Topics."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.03.001","article-title":"Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health.","volume":"30","author":"Kashdan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000000342","article-title":"Mortality in women with anorexia nervosa: the role of comorbid psychiatric disorders.","volume":"78","author":"Kask","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027770","article-title":"Development of the coping flexibility scale: evidence for the coping flexibility hypothesis.","volume":"59","author":"Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2445","article-title":"Are weight status and cognition associated? An examination of cognitive development in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa 1 year after first hospitalisation.","volume":"24","author":"Kjaersdam Telleus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1144","article-title":"The eating disorder diagnostic scale: psychometric features within a clinical population and a cut-off point to differentiate clinical patients from healthy controls.","volume":"20","author":"Krabbenborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617711000671","article-title":"Assessment of cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa\u2013self-report or experimental measure? A brief report.","volume":"17","author":"Lounes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22383","article-title":"Do executive functioning deficits underpin binge eating disorder? A comparison of overweight women with and without binge eating pathology.","volume":"48","author":"Manasse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1995.76.2.623","article-title":"A new measure of cognitive flexibility","volume":"76","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B44","author":"Maxwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0910-x","article-title":"All that glisters is not an endophenotype: rethinking endophenotypes in anorexia nervosa.","volume":"25","author":"Micali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","author":"Nunnally","year":"1967","journal-title":"Psychometric Theory"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-015-0053-3","article-title":"Are poor set-shifting abilities associated with a higher frequency of body checking in anorexia nervosa?","volume":"3","author":"\u00d8ver\u00e5s","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10113","article-title":"Assessment of eating disorders in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: self-report questionnaire versus interview.","volume":"33","author":"Passi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22842","article-title":"Body image flexibility: a predictor and moderator of outcome in transdiagnostic outpatient eating disorder treatment.","volume":"51","author":"Pellizzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj063","article-title":"The inconsistency of \u201coptimal\u201d cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve.","volume":"163","author":"Perkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.003","article-title":"Prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: a systematic review, Shanghai.","volume":"25","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2011.04.001","article-title":"Development and validation of the detail and flexibility questionnaire (DFlex) in eating disorders.","volume":"12","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.03.001","article-title":"Exploring the neurocognitive signature of poor set-shifting in anorexia and bulimia nervosa.","volume":"44","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B54","author":"Roth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function \u2013 Adult Version (BRIEF-A)."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12095","article-title":"Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives.","volume":"128","author":"Rutten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2013.03.002","article-title":"Assessment of body image flexibility: the body image-acceptance and action questionnaire.","volume":"2","author":"Sandoz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Contextual Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22929","article-title":"A systematic review of reviews of neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders: the state-of-the-literature and future directions.","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-015-0062-2","article-title":"Neuropsychological assessment in adolescents with anorexia nervosa \u2013 Exploring the relationship between self-report and performance-based testing.","volume":"3","author":"Stedal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.123","article-title":"Development and validation of the eating disorder diagnostic scale: a brief self-report measure of anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder.","volume":"12","author":"Stice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.07.004","article-title":"Associations between neural correlates of visual stimulus processing and set-shifting in ill and recovered women with anorexia nervosa.","volume":"255","author":"Sultson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimag."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2009.09.010","article-title":"Decision-making impairments in women with binge eating disorder.","volume":"54","author":"Svaldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22260","article-title":"General and food-specific inhibitory deficits in binge eating disorder.","volume":"47","author":"Svaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat Disord."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615","article-title":"Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems.","volume":"240","author":"Swets","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B64","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22332","article-title":"Cognitive deficits as an endophenotype for anorexia nervosa: an accepted fact or a need for re-examination?","volume":"48","author":"Talbot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.483250","article-title":"Set-shifting abilities, central coherence, and handedness in anorexia nervosa patients, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls: exploring putative endophenotypes.","volume":"11","author":"Tenconi","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2364","article-title":"Trail making task performance in inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.","volume":"23","author":"Vall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2437","article-title":"Differential neural correlates of set-shifting in the bingeing-purging and restrictive subtypes of anorexia nervosa: an fMRI study.","volume":"24","author":"Van Autreve","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852915000681","article-title":"Cognitive biases in binge eating disorder: the hijacking of decision making.","volume":"20","author":"Voon","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118356258","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22283","article-title":"Neuropsychological function in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.","volume":"48","author":"Weider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20076","article-title":"Assessment of patients with anorexia nervosa: interview versus self-report.","volume":"37","author":"Wolk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000294","article-title":"Set-shifting ability across the spectrum of eating disorders and in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1348\/174866409x459674","article-title":"Quantitative evidence for distinct cognitive impairment in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.","volume":"4","author":"Zakzanis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08050775","article-title":"Neural correlates of impaired cognitive-behavioral flexibility in anorexia nervosa.","volume":"166","author":"Zastrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00663\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T13:48:10Z","timestamp":1721137690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00663\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00663","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"article-number":"663"}}