{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:57:55Z","timestamp":1790787475137,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T05:27:28Z","timestamp":1593062848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Exercise-Based Interventions for Internet Addiction: Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianjin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C874","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1988.255.6.C874","article-title":"MDA content increases in fast-and slow-twitch skeletal muscle with intensity of exercise in a rat","volume":"255","author":"Alessio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.06.004","article-title":"Internet addiction and sleep problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Alimoradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-012-0153-x","article-title":"Effect of exercise on diabetes-induced oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus","volume":"14","author":"Alipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116629","article-title":"Physical training improves exercise tolerance, cardiac function and promotes changes in neurotrophins levels in chagasic mice","volume":"232","author":"Alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0102-3","article-title":"Exercise and the cortisol awakening response: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300210286","article-title":"Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction","volume":"4","author":"Beard","year":"2001","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn013","article-title":"The runner's high: opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain","volume":"18","author":"Boecker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00375","article-title":"Prefrontal control and internet addiction: a theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings","volume":"8","author":"Brand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"68","article-title":"Structure of the nervous system","volume-title":"Physiology of behavior, 9th Edn","author":"Carlson","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.12.001","article-title":"GDNF\u2014a potential target to treat addiction","volume":"122","author":"Carnicella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000316648","article-title":"Basal ganglia volume is associated with aerobic fitness in preadolescent children","volume":"32","author":"Chaddock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161151","article-title":"Exercise training and functional connectivity changes in mild cognitive impairment and healthy elders","volume":"57","author":"Chirles","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.006","article-title":"Wheel running alters patterns of uncontrollable stress-induced cfos mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum direct and indirect pathways: a possible role for plasticity in adenosine receptors","volume":"272","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref14","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00258","article-title":"The non-survival effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on neural cells","volume":"10","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(00)00041-8","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/109493102760275581","article-title":"Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic internet use: implications for pre-employment screening","volume":"5","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03300300018017","article-title":"Plasma catecholamines in stress and exercise","volume":"243","author":"Dimsdale","year":"1980","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059902","article-title":"Altered default network resting-state functional connectivity in adolescents with internet gaming addiction","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging reveals thalamus and posterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in internet gaming addicts","volume":"46","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.01.012","article-title":"Aerobic exercise increases cortisol awakening response in older adults","volume":"103","author":"Drogos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.025","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area cannabinoid type-1 receptors control voluntary exercise performance","volume":"73","author":"Dubreucq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro2019119061152","article-title":"Current approaches to the treatment and correction of internet addiction","volume":"119","author":"Egorov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zh. Nevrol. Psikhiatr. Im. S S Korsakova"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9098-6_19","article-title":"Physical exercise and the human stress response","volume-title":"A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of the Human Stress Response","author":"Everly","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-9-33","article-title":"Voxel-level comparison of arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in adolescents with internet gaming addiction","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2007.10.006","article-title":"Internet gaming addiction","volume":"4","author":"Freeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000338281","article-title":"Altered serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with pathological gambling","volume":"18","author":"Geisel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Addict. Res."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.020","article-title":"Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with internet use disorder","volume":"209","author":"Geisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2014pituitary\u2014adrenal axis activity in patients with pathological gambling and internet use disorder","volume":"226","author":"Geisel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease","volume":"11","author":"Gleeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.07.002","article-title":"Exercise and regulation of adipokine and myokine production","volume":"135","author":"G\u00f6rgens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.08.030","article-title":"The role of dopamine in overcoming aversion with exercise","volume":"1713","author":"Greenwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.11.005","article-title":"Long-term voluntary wheel running is rewarding and produces plasticity in the mesolimbic reward pathway","volume":"217","author":"Greenwood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.012","article-title":"Exercise effects on depression: possible neural mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Gujral","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46276-9_8","article-title":"Quantitative Behavior Genetics of Internet Addiction","volume-title":"Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction","author":"Hahn","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31811f465f","article-title":"Dopamine genes and reward dependence in adolescents with excessive internet video game play","volume":"1","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.05.024","article-title":"Continuous monitoring of hypothalamic neurotransmitters and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats","volume":"202","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1999.0597","article-title":"Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a population study in Finland","volume":"30","author":"Hassmen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01890","article-title":"Neuromodulation of aerobic exercise\u2014a review","volume":"6","author":"Heijnen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.12.025","article-title":"Longer-term increased cortisol levels in young people with mental health problems","volume":"236","author":"Heinze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13193","article-title":"Neurochemical and behavioural indices of exercise reward are independent of exercise controllability","volume":"43","author":"Herrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2020.100318","article-title":"Effect of physical exercise intervention on mood and frontal alpha asymmetry in internet gaming disorder","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ment. Health Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854524","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/854524","article-title":"Reduced striatal dopamine transporters in people with internet addiction disorder","volume":"2012","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.011","article-title":"Decreased striatal dopamine transporters in codeine-containing cough syrup abusers","volume":"118","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46276-9_10","article-title":"Autonomic Nervous System and Brain Circuitry for Internet Addiction","volume-title":"Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions","author":"Huang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.12.026","article-title":"Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390465","article-title":"Long-term mild exercise training enhances hippocampus-dependent memory in rats","volume":"36","author":"Inoue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2019.04.02.2","article-title":"Altered plasma levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with internet gaming disorder: a case-control, pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.01.008","article-title":"Stress vulnerability in male youth with internet gaming disorder","volume":"77","author":"Kaess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328346e16e","article-title":"Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with internet addiction","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2015.0411","article-title":"Resting-state peripheral catecholamine and anxiety levels in Korean male adolescents with internet game addiction","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7586\/jkbns.2013.15.4.173","article-title":"Comparison of stress level and HPA axis activity of internet game addiction vs. non-addiction in adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Biol. Nurs. Sci."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109680","article-title":"Hypometabolism and altered metabolic connectivity in patients with internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-013-0483-3","article-title":"Altered brain activation during response inhibition and error processing in subjects with internet gaming disorder: a functional magnetic imaging study","volume":"264","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012","article-title":"Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction","volume":"43","author":"Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00405.x","article-title":"Brain correlates of craving for online gaming under cue exposure in subjects with internet gaming addiction and in remitted subjects","volume":"18","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.15561\/20755279.2019.0404","article-title":"How does regular exercise affect internet addiction level in university students","volume":"23","author":"Kocak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physical Education of Students"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CC01","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/13076.5729","article-title":"Association of leukocyte telomere length with oxidative stress in yoga practitioners","volume":"9","author":"Krishna","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4950-4","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression","volume":"235","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2014.32","article-title":"A twin study of problematic internet use: its heritability and genetic association with effortful control","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2560","article-title":"Effect of different levels of exercise on telomere length: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30253","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030253","article-title":"Abnormal white matter integrity in adolescents with internet addiction disorder: a tract-based spatial statistics study","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121470","article-title":"Effects of group counseling programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, and sports intervention on internet addiction in East Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203912","article-title":"Exercise as an alternative approach for treating smartphone addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of random controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0254","article-title":"Differentiation of internet addiction risk level based on autonomic nervous responses: the internet-addiction hypothesis of autonomic activity","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.084","article-title":"Relationships of peripheral IGF-1, VEGF and BDNF levels to exercise-related changes in memory, hippocampal perfusion and volumes in older adults","volume":"131","author":"Maass","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq180","article-title":"Is telomere length a biomarker of aging? A review","volume":"66","author":"Mather","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00110","article-title":"Epigenomic mechanisms of early adversity and HPA dysfunction: considerations for PTSD research","volume":"4","author":"McGowan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02376","article-title":"Effects of a 12-week aerobic spin intervention on resting state networks in previously sedentary older adults","volume":"9","author":"McGregor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00749.2015","article-title":"Reappraisal of the acute, moderate intensity exercise-catecholamines interaction effect on speed of cognition: role of the vagal\/NTS afferent pathway","volume":"120","author":"McMorris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2017.260","article-title":"Internet addiction: a review of the first twenty years","volume":"29","author":"Mihajlov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167","article-title":"An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref73","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31825ba7e7","article-title":"The role of the CHRNA4 gene in internet addiction: a case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Montag","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46276-9_9","article-title":"Molecular genetics, personality, and internet addiction revisited","volume-title":"Internet addiction: neuroscientific approaches and therapeutical implications including smartphone addiction","author":"Montag","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.01.003","article-title":"Increases of CRF in the amygdala are responsible for reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior induced by footshock","volume":"101","author":"Nawata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000317286","article-title":"Basal ganglia activity in pathological gambling: a fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography study","volume":"62","author":"Pallanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2007.04.004","article-title":"Exercise, oxidative stress and hormesis","volume":"7","author":"Radak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1719","article-title":"Exercise preconditioning against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in proteins of rat myocardium","volume":"376","author":"Radak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.22037\/ch.v6i4.24522","article-title":"The Relationship between Sports Participation and Internet Addiction among University Students of Shahrekord City","volume":"6","author":"Rahimi-Rigi","year":"2019","journal-title":"SALAMAT IJTIMAI (Community Health)"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.017","article-title":"Physical activity in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"230","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02456.x","article-title":"Long-term striatal overexpression of GDNF selectively downregulates tyrosine hydroxylase in the intact nigrostriatal dopamine system","volume":"17","author":"Rosenblad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.001","article-title":"Physical activity and memory functions: an interventional study","volume":"32","author":"Ruscheweyh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.148","article-title":"Opioid release after high-intensity interval training in healthy human subjects","volume":"43","author":"Saanijoki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"52","article-title":"Internet addiction disorder","volume":"19","author":"Siomos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00516","article-title":"Inflammatory long Pentraxin 3 is associated with leukocyte telomere length in night-shift workers","volume":"8","author":"Sofia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205010666131120100743","article-title":"Dysregulation of neurotrophic and haematopoietic growth factors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from pathophysiology to novel treatment strategies","volume":"11","author":"Sopova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1278-3","article-title":"Treadmill exercise attenuates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and increases striatal levels of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in hemiparkinsonian mice","volume":"56","author":"Speck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8027-0","article-title":"Central mechanisms of HPA axis regulation by voluntary exercise","volume":"10","author":"Stranahan","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroMolecular Med."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/bs9060062","article-title":"Neurobiological risk factors for the development of internet addiction in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Tereshchenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.090","article-title":"Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise","volume":"131","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2708-8","article-title":"PET imaging reveals brain functional changes in internet gaming disorder","volume":"41","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00405","article-title":"Diagnostic and classification considerations regarding gaming disorder: neurocognitive and neurobiological features","volume":"10","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-13-0028","article-title":"Addiction and the adrenal cortex","volume":"2","author":"Vinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb05936.x","article-title":"Decreases in dopamine receptors but not in dopamine transporters in alcoholics","volume":"20","author":"Volkow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.005","article-title":"Functional connectivity: a source of variance in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition?","volume":"48","author":"Voss","year":"","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00032","article-title":"Plasticity of brain networks in a randomized intervention trial of exercise training in older adults","volume":"2","author":"Voss","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00917.2017","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation boosts aerobic exercise effects on functional brain systems","volume":"126","author":"Voss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01288.x","article-title":"Effect of exercise training intensity on murine T-regulatory cells and vaccination response","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.11.008","article-title":"The association between aerobic fitness and executive function is mediated by prefrontal cortex volume","volume":"26","author":"Weinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.79.3.899","article-title":"Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the internet: a case that breaks the stereotype","volume":"79","author":"Young","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078708","article-title":"Cortical thickness abnormalities in late adolescence with online gaming addiction","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.17871","article-title":"Internet addiction: neuroimaging findings","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20708","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020708.e20708","article-title":"Microstructure abnormalities in adolescents with internet addiction disorder","volume":"6","author":"Yuan","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27708-5_102","article-title":"The Influence of Sports about Internet Addiction on Teenagers\u2019 Health in Different Dimensions","volume-title":"Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.10.025","article-title":"Gray matter abnormalities in internet addiction: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"79","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378675","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/378675","article-title":"Molecular and functional imaging of internet addiction","volume":"2015","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01296\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T05:27:37Z","timestamp":1593062857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01296\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01296","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"article-number":"1296"}}