{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:56:55Z","timestamp":1790117815698,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with disabilities face inequalities in mental wellbeing, for which social exclusion is a contributing factor. Musical activities offer a promising but complex intervention, making impacts on a population with highly varied characteristics and needs challenging to capture. This paper reports on a mixed methods, person-centered study investigating a community music intervention for such a population. Three groups of adult service users with varied disabilities (either physical, learning, or both), took part in weekly music workshops in different locations. Music staff, housing and resource center staff, as well as participants and members of their families, took part in semi-structured interviews. A quantitative measure administered by service staff was used to rate service users\u2019 social development. Two lay researchers, both individuals with a disability contributed to all aspects of the study. Interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. Improvements in individuals\u2019 self-expression, confidence, mood, and social skills were consistent with previous findings. Differences in effect between centers included: Group 1, some of whom had previous experience of workshops, showed an improvement in musical skills; Group 2 showed a mixed response, some participated with enthusiasm but others chose art activities over music workshops; Group 3 had lasting positive impact, this group had very limited opportunities for music due to their rural location. Quantitative analysis showed significant increase over all groups in communication, interaction with others, and joint attention. The intervention was beneficial for participants in separate locations in similar ways, but also highlighted that context and prior experience mediated effects in distinct ways. The lay researchers enhanced the qualitative analysis by emphasizing (1) the importance of recognizing participants\u2019 self-expression in non-verbal modes of communication and (2) the importance of having music staff with a disability to provide a positive role model. This paper proposes that mixed methods person-centered research is the most suitable approach to capture and understand the multiple and varied effects of this complex intervention for a diverse group of participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.588734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T01:25:00Z","timestamp":1607909100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Understanding the Wellbeing Effects of a Community Music Program for People With Disabilities: A Mixed Methods, Person-Centered Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Una M.","family":"MacGlone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Vamvakaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme B.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond A. R.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Creative Health: The Arts for Health and Wellbeing."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2004.05.001","article-title":"Measurement of mood in adolescents with intellectual disability.","volume":"25","author":"Argus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"B3","author":"Barusch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Understanding families with multiple barriers to self-sufficiency."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021963098002832","article-title":"Development of the Children\u2019s Communication Checklist (CCC): A method for assessing qualitative aspects of communicative impairment in children.","volume":"39","author":"Bishop","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr. Allied Dis."},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Animating Characters and Experiencing Selves: A Look at Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Constructing Fictional Storyboards with Typically Developing Peers","author":"Bottema-Beutel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism and Enablement: Occupational Therapy Approaches to Promote Independence for Adults with Autism"},{"key":"B6","author":"Braun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners."},{"key":"B7","article-title":"Understanding Autistic Spectrum Conditions and their Impact on the Individual","author":"Bushell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism and Enablement: Occupational Therapy Approaches to Promote Independence for Adults with Autism"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12087","article-title":"Social Relationships and Health: The Toxic Effects of Perceived Social Isolation.","volume":"8","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/17533010802528017","article-title":"The state of arts and health in England.","volume":"1","author":"Clift","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arts health"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"403","article-title":"Reaching the hard to reach: quantitative and qualitative evaluation of school-based arts therapies with young people with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties.","volume":"21","author":"Cobbett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emot. Behav. Diff."},{"key":"B11","year":"2017","journal-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows"},{"key":"B12","author":"Creswell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches."},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Developing Social Models for Research and Practice in Music, Arts, and Health: A Case Study of Research","author":"Daykin","year":"2012","journal-title":"a Mental Health Setting in MacDonald, R. A. R"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511606632.027","author":"De Jong Gierveld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Loneliness and social isolation. Cambridge handbook of personal relationships."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012370877-9.00102-X","author":"Fidler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intellectual Disabilities in Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/0022429411414912","article-title":"A Mixed Methods Portrait of Urban Instrumental Music Teaching.","volume":"59","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Music Edu."},{"key":"B17","article-title":"Music therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder.","volume":"6","author":"Geretsegger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3102\/01623737011003255","article-title":"Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs.","volume":"11","author":"Greene","year":"1989","journal-title":"Edu. Eval. Policy Analysis"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12224","article-title":"Group music therapy for severe mental illness: a randomized embedded-experimental mixed methods study.","volume":"130","author":"Grocke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scandinavica"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0279-8","article-title":"Perceived social isolation in a community sample: its prevalence and correlates with aspects of peoples\u2019 lives.","volume":"43","author":"Hawthorne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatric Epidemiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-016-0099-4","article-title":"Methods investigating how individuals with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously attend to social events.","volume":"4","author":"Hochhauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. J. Autism Dev. Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0161-y","article-title":"The mental health of young people with disabilities: impact of social conditions.","volume":"46","author":"Honey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatric Epidemiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119099635.ch4","article-title":"Being a person-centred researcher: principles and methods for doing research in a person-centred way in McCormack","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Person-centred healthcare research."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689806298224","article-title":"Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mix. Methods Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-2012-1390","article-title":"Use of recreation activities as positive coping with chronic stress and mental health outcomes associated with unemployment of people with disabilities.","volume":"43","author":"Kerr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"B26","author":"Landry","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Social Impact of the Arts: A Discussion Document."},{"key":"B27","author":"Leadbetter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Healthy Attendance? The Impact of Cultural Engagement and Sports Participation on Health and Satisfaction with Life in Scotland."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195146103.001.0001","author":"Lehmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology for musicians: Understanding and acquiring the skills."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198509325.003.0010","article-title":"Music for individuals with special needs in MacDonald R. A. R","author":"MacDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Musical Identities"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13612-014-0020-9","article-title":"Musical improvisation and health: a review.","volume":"4","author":"MacDonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Well-being"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"3","author":"MacDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"What is music, health, and wellbeing and why is it important. Music, health, and wellbeing."},{"key":"B32","author":"Matarasso","year":"1997","journal-title":"Use or ornament. The social impact of participation in the arts."},{"key":"B33","author":"McNair","year":"1992","journal-title":"EdITS Manual for the Profile of Mood States (POMS)."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/10286630290032477","article-title":"Evaluating the social impact of participation in arts activities.","volume":"8","author":"Merli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J.Cult. Policy"},{"key":"B35","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"People with Learning Difficulties and Performing Arts: Maximising the Benefits of Participation."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00497.x","article-title":"Toward assessing family outcomes of service delivery: Validation of a family quality of life survey.","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Dis. Res."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"99","article-title":"Interviewing people with intellectual disabilities.","volume":"1998","author":"Prosser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinic. Psychol. People Intellect. Dis."},{"key":"B38","year":"2016","journal-title":"A Fairer Scotland for Disabled People."},{"key":"B39","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scottish Household Survey 2018: Annual Report."},{"key":"B40","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Scottish Health Survey 2018: main report - revised 2020."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0287-3","article-title":"Music improves social communication and auditory\u2013motor connectivity in children with autism.","volume":"8","author":"Sharda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Translat. Psychiatr."},{"key":"B42","year":"2006","journal-title":"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities."},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Specialist Enablement Research: Results and Analysis","author":"Vann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism and Enablement: Occupational Therapy Approaches to Promote Independence for Adults with Autism"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732319901127","article-title":"Revisiting Photovoice: Perceptions of Dementia among Researchers with Intellectual Disability.","volume":"30","author":"Watchman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Q. Health Res."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"3","article-title":"Understanding and measuring social communication in children with autism spectrum disorders","author":"Wetherby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social and communication development in autism spectrum disorders"},{"key":"B46","author":"Wheeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Music therapy research"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01300","article-title":"The Social Impact of Musical Engagement for Young Adults With Learning Difficulties: A Qualitative Study.","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.588734\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T21:42:36Z","timestamp":1724017356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.588734\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.588734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.588734","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"article-number":"588734"}}