{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:42:45Z","timestamp":1791301365091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that immediately precede tics. The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is widely used to assess the severity of PUs, but the psychometric properties of PUTS and clinical features of PU in Chinese patients with tic disorders are still unclear. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PUTS in a large sample (including 367 Chinese pediatric patients with tic disorders). We found no difference in PU in different age groups. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of PUTS showed the emergence of four primary factors. The results of reliability and validity analyses indicated that the Chinese version showed good psychometric properties. It seemed that PU was associated with the severity of obsession symptoms in patients with tic disorders. Network analysis showed that Item 7 is a critical node for the PU, in addition to Items 1 and 4. Overall, the Chinese version of PUTS can be used in Chinese child and adolescent patients with tic disorders, particularly for patients with Tourette syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.573803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T16:28:05Z","timestamp":1632760085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale: A Preliminary Report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00873.x","article-title":"Premonitory sensory phenomena and suppressibility of tics in Tourette syndrome: developmental aspects in children and adolescents","volume":"45","author":"Banaschewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00051","article-title":"Convergent validity of the PUTS","volume":"7","author":"Brandt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.08.009","article-title":"Premonitory urges and tics in Tourette syndrome: computational mechanisms and neural correlates","volume":"46","author":"Conceicao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000497425","article-title":"The study of psychopathology from the network analysis perspective: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Contreras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.016","article-title":"Sensory aspects of Tourette syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Cox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0912-0","article-title":"A systematic review of the psychometric properties of the cross-cultural translations and adaptations of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS)","volume":"16","author":"Dambi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26228","article-title":"Premonitory urge to tic in Tourette's is associated with interoceptive awareness","volume":"30","author":"Ganos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12002","article-title":"Habit reversal training for children with Tourette syndrome: update and review","volume":"25","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Child Adolescent Psychiatric Nurs."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00569","article-title":"Premonitory urges and their link with tic severity in children and adolescents with tic disorders","volume":"10","author":"Kyriazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015","article-title":"The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity","volume":"28","author":"Leckman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98","article-title":"Premonitory urges in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Leckman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i12.1508","article-title":"Premonitory urges located in the tongue for tic disorder: two case reports and review of literature","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13445","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in school children and adolescents in China: diagnostic data from detailed clinical assessments of 17,524 individuals","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1711","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005474","article-title":"A multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale","volume":"90","author":"McGuire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1187-z","article-title":"Combined habit reversal training and exposure response prevention in a group setting compared to individual training: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Nissen","year":"","journal-title":"Euro. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.56","article-title":"Predictors of therapeutic treatment outcome in adolescent chronic tic disorders","volume":"5","author":"Nissen","year":"","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1027\/2512-8442\/a000060","article-title":"Age-related effects on interoceptive accuracy, general interoceptive sensibility, and specific interoceptive sensibility","volume":"27","author":"Nusser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01450-1","article-title":"The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale in a large sample of children and adolescents: psychometric properties in a developmental context. An EMTICS study","volume":"29","author":"Openneer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445505279385","article-title":"Habit reversal training for tic disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Piacentini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Modif."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007466","article-title":"Practice guideline recommendations summary: treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders","volume":"92","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.036","article-title":"Dimensions of interoception predict premonitory urges and tic severity in Tourette syndrome","volume":"271","author":"Rae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1818-4","article-title":"Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS): replication and extension of psychometric properties in youth with chronic tic disorders (CTDs)","volume":"125","author":"Raines","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199706000-00023","article-title":"Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: reliability and validity","volume":"36","author":"Scahill","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000623","article-title":"Factor analysis in psychological assessment research: common pitfalls and recommendations","volume":"31","author":"Sellbom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4946.16.04344-9","article-title":"Habit reversal training in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: an Italian randomized, single-blind pilot study","volume":"70","author":"Seragni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.01.006","article-title":"The children's Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale: psychometric properties of child- and parent-report formats","volume":"20","author":"Storch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445518796203","article-title":"Efficacy of habit reversal training in children with chronic tic disorders: a within-subject analysis","volume":"44","author":"Viefhaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Modif."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0048","article-title":"The correlation between the severity of premonitory urges and tic symptoms: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03399-5","article-title":"Revisiting the structure of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) in a sample of Chinese children with tic disorders","volume":"21","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200512000-00001","article-title":"Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS): initial psychometric results and examination of the premonitory urge phenomenon in youths with Tic disorders","volume":"26","author":"Woods","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.573803\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T16:28:07Z","timestamp":1632760087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.573803\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.573803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.573803","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"article-number":"573803"}}