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Real-life cases have driven the science by stimulating research into \u201ccoercive\u201d police questioning techniques, psychological vulnerabilities to false confession, and the development and validation of psychometric tests of interrogative suggestibility and compliance. Mandatory electronic recording of police interviews has helped with identifying the situational and personal \u201crisk factors\u201d involved in false confessions and how these interact. It is the combination of a detailed evaluation and analysis of real-life cases, experimental work, and community (and prison\/police station) studies that have greatly advanced the science over the past 40 years. In this review, the story of the development of the science during this \u201cgolden era\u201d is told through the three established error pathways to false confessions and wrongful convictions: misclassification, coercion, and contamination. A case study of a major miscarriage of justice is used to highlight the key issues at each stage of the error pathways and it shows the continued resistance of the judiciary to admit mistakes and learn from them. Science is a powerful platform from which to educate the police and the judiciary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.633936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T23:14:23Z","timestamp":1613949263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Science-Based Pathways to Understanding False Confessions and Wrongful Convictions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gisli H.","family":"Gudjonsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Out of Thin Air. 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