{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T16:10:12Z","timestamp":1768147812466,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is an explorative investigation aimed to assess the differences in acute stress response patterns of health workers facing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during Italy\u2019s first lockdown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional investigation using convenience sampling method was conducted in Italy during April 2020. Eight hundred fifty-eight health workers participated in the research filling out self-report measures including Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Impact of Event Scale\u2013Revised (IES-R).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderate\/severe depression was found in 28.9% (95% CI, 25.8\u201332.04), moderate\/severe anxiety in 55.4% (95% CI, 51.9\u201358.8), insomnia in 15% (95% CI, 12.5\u201317.5), and distress in 52.5% (95% CI, 48.5%\u201356.6) of participants. The 3% of health workers reported frequent suicidal thoughts. Female sex, working for &amp;gt;15 h\/week in a COVID-19 unit, and living apart from family were associated with a significantly higher risk of distress, anxiety, insomnia, depression, and functional impairment. Four profiles were identified on the basis of psychopathological measures: Profile_0 included 44% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 270); Profile_1, 25.6% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 157); Profile_2, 19.1% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 117); and Profile_3, 11.3% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 69) of participants. Results showed a significant effect for Profiles X IES-R (\u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.079;<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>= 0.29), indicating that in all profiles, except for Profile_0, avoidance scale is lower than hyperarousal and intrusion symptoms scales of the IES-R. This characteristic could be a probable index of the control exerted by the responders to not fly away from their job.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identification of specific profiles could help psychiatrists and emergency psychologists to build specific interventions in terms of both primary and secondary prevention to face future waves of the COVID-19 outbreak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.660156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T07:35:09Z","timestamp":1622446509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Acute Stress Response Profiles in Health Workers Facing SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Moderato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Lazzeroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Oppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dell\u2019Orco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Moderato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovambattista","family":"Presti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence.","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"B3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Covid-19, Italian Situation; data From Italian Minister of Health."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105320951620","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics.","volume":"20","author":"da Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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