{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:30:18Z","timestamp":1784892618152,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conspicuous consumption symbolizes ostentatious and material consumption through the purchase of products and services with a higher economic value and that allows their consumers to excel socially. However, conspicuous consumption often does not represent social and environmental values, because their products are often not characterized by being made through sustainable processes. United Nations, through its sustainable development agenda, invited companies to be aware of the social and environmental problems of the world and to be able to generate strategies that can be sustainable over time and allow the growth of both the company and society in general. This study analyses the case of Starbucks as a global and sustainable brand, which also generates conspicuous consumption in emerging markets. In this way, we explain how this brand generates a social status in emerging markets, which allow their consumers to excel socially. On the other hand, we explain how Starbucks contributes positively to sustainability in these types of markets, generating greater well-being for both the environment and society in general. In this way, this brand manages to transmit messages with symbolic values of social status, as well as social and environmental awareness. This research allows us to see how Starbucks is able to generate conspicuous consumption in Colombia, which is the third largest exporter of coffee in the world but is also capable of generating sustainable processes that help Colombian coffee growers and the environment. This research used a quantitative methodology based on a structured questionnaire made for conspicuous consumers of the Starbucks brand in Colombia, whose data were processed through the statistical program PLS 3.2.7. This research details the sustainable processes carried out by this brand in this developing country and the reasons why its consumption in this emerging market is considered conspicuous. For this research, family allocentrism, ethnocentrism, and patriotism are considered antecedents of conspicuous consumption, and brand image and brand loyalty are considered their results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.662950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T11:46:05Z","timestamp":1629373565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Conspicuous Consumption in Emerging Markets: The Case of Starbucks in Colombia as a Global and Sustainable Brand"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jose Andres","family":"Areiza-Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Andres","family":"Manzi Puertas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1108\/17590831211232564","article-title":"Religious beliefs and consumer behaviour: from loyalty to boycotts","volume":"3","author":"Al-Hyari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Islam. Market."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.3390\/su11123268","article-title":"Common and contradictory motivations in buying intentions for green and luxury automobiles","volume":"11","author":"Aliyev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1050.0399","article-title":"Conspicuous consumption and sophisticated thinking","volume":"51","author":"Amaldoss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21154-7_9","article-title":"Marketing and the sustainable development goals (sdgs): a review and research agenda","volume-title":"The Future of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance","author":"Anwar","year":"2020"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/026143603200075489","article-title":"Moving beyond individualism in leisure theory: a critical analysis of concepts of community and social engagement","volume":"22","author":"Arai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leisure Stud."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/joitmc6040164","article-title":"Ethnocentrism at the coffee shop industry: a study of starbucks in developing countries","volume":"6","author":"Areiza-Padilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Open Innovat. Technol. Market Complex."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.15728\/bbr.2019.16.4.3","article-title":"Conspicuousconsumption and itsrelation to brandconsciousness, status consumption and self-expression","volume":"16","author":"Assimos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32827-8_20","article-title":"Applying maximum likelihood and pls on different sample sizes: studies on servqual model and employee behavior model","volume-title":"Handbook of Partial Least Squares. Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics","author":"Barroso","year":"2010"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1123\/jsm.22.2.205","article-title":"Brand image and fan loyalty in professionalteam sport: A refinedmodel and empiricalassessment","volume":"22","author":"Bauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sport Manag."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1086\/209154","article-title":"Possessions and the extended self","volume":"15","author":"Belk","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cons. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1108\/09596110110395893","article-title":"The relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction","volume":"13","author":"Bowen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hospital. Manag."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4870(89)90018-4","article-title":"Psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption","volume":"10","author":"Braun","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Econ. Psychol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1108\/02634509610121569","article-title":"The effects of dogmatism and social class variables on consumer ethnocentrism in Malta","volume":"14","author":"Caruana","year":"1996","journal-title":"Market. Intell. Plann."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.9774\/GLEAF.4700.2013.de.00009","article-title":"Thevalue of sustainableluxury in maturemarkets: a customer-basedapproach","author":"Cervellon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Corporatecitizenship"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2015.05.005","article-title":"A two-dimensional model of trust\u2013value\u2013loyalty in servicerelationships","volume":"26","author":"Chai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.65.2.81.18255","article-title":"The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty","volume":"65","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1086\/209296","article-title":"The influence of familial and peer-based reference groups on consumer decisions","volume":"19","author":"Childers","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cons. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1108\/QMR-07-2019-0080","article-title":"Brand loyalty among low-income consumers?","volume":"24","author":"Costa Filho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual. Market Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1995.9712235","article-title":"Allocentric and idiocentric self-description and academic achievement among Mexican American and Anglo American adolescents","volume":"135","author":"Dabul","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000006475","article-title":"Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty","volume":"35","author":"Delgado-Ballester","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Market."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.38.2.269.18845","article-title":"Index construction with formative indicators: an alternative to scale development","volume":"38","author":"Diamantopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Market. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/08961530802125225","article-title":"How offshore outsourcing is perceived: why do some consumers feel more threatened?","volume":"21","author":"Durvasula","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377000700109","article-title":"A model of multi-brand buying","volume":"7","author":"Ehrenberg","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1362\/147539210X497620","article-title":"Psychological and cultural insightsintoconsumption of luxury western brands in India","volume":"9","author":"Eng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cust. Behav."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351276443","volume-title":"Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring Corporate Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts","author":"Epstein","year":"2017"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/135918359900400204","article-title":"Accounting for materialism in four cultures","volume":"4","author":"Ger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cult."},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lezF.\n          Privatized Keynesianism or Conspicuous Consumption? Status Anxiety and the Financialization of Consumption in Chile (No. 17\/3). Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies2017"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.270","article-title":"Conspicuousdonationbehaviour: scaledevelopment and validation","volume":"8","author":"Grace","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Consum. Behav."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(01)00213-2","article-title":"Attitude functions in consumer research: comparing value\u2013attitude relations in individualist and collectivist cultures","volume":"55","author":"Gregory","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.07.035","article-title":"The moderating effect of customer engagement on the brand image\u2013brand loyalty relationship","volume":"148","author":"Greve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017346","article-title":"Goinggreen to be seen: status, reputation, and conspicuousconservation","volume":"98","author":"Griskevicius","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","author":"Hair","year":"2016"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206291006","article-title":"Nice guys finish first: the competitive altruism hypothesis","volume":"32","author":"Hardy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Person. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1108\/IMR-08-2014-0272","article-title":"How global brands incorporating local cultural elements increase consumer purchase likelihood: an empirical study in China","volume":"34","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Market. Rev"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2017.1281780","article-title":"Bridging design and behavioral research with variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"46","author":"Henseler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Advert."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterionforassessingdiscriminantvalidity in variance-basedstructuralequationmodeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Market. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1108\/02634500810847138","article-title":"Themoderatingeffect of brandimageonpublicrelationsperception and customerloyalty","volume":"26","author":"Hsieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Market. Intel. Plann."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.9069","article-title":"Brand image and customer loyalty: transmitting roles of cognitive and affective brand trust","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Person."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.08.010","article-title":"Conspicuous consumption in emerging market: the case of Chinese migrant workers","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/08961530802282232","article-title":"Nationalisticsentiments of Chineseconsumers: the effects and determinants of animosity and consumerethnocentrism","volume":"21","author":"Ishii","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.007","article-title":"Attribution analysis of luxury brands: an investigation into consumer-brand congruence through conspicuous consumption","volume":"116","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.3390\/su12051770","article-title":"Influencingfactors of chineseconsumers' purchaseintention to sustainableapparelproducts: exploring consumer \u201cattitude\u2013behavior alintention\u201d gap","volume":"12","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iedeen.2019.04.002","article-title":"Consumer ethnocentrism in developing countries","volume":"25","author":"Karoui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Res. Manag. Bus. Econ."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/147078530704900108","article-title":"Segmenting food markets-the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle in understanding purchasing intentions","volume":"49","author":"Kavak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Market Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/1096348007313265","article-title":"Multidimensional customer-based brand equity and its consequences in midpriced hotels","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hospital. Tourism Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7724-1_10","article-title":"Marketing 3.0: From products to customers to the human spirit","volume-title":"Marketing Wisdom","author":"Kotler","year":"2019"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022198293004","article-title":"Domain-specific allocentrism-idiocentrism: a measure of family connectedness","volume":"29","author":"Lay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cross Cult. Psychol."},{"key":"B49","first-page":"102","volume-title":"The Study of Ethnocentric Ideology","author":"Levinson","year":"1950"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-04-2019-0225","article-title":"When others show off my brand: self-brand association and conspicuous consumption. Asia Pacific","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Market. Logist"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1226-x","article-title":"Family allocentrism and adolescent depressive symptoms: the role of self-identity style","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2004.00395.x","article-title":"What does it mean to be an American? Patriotism, nationalism, and American identity after 9\/11","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polit. Psychol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/08961530.2012.650142","article-title":"Starbucks as the third place: glimpses into Taiwan's consumer culture and lifestyles","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.15388\/omee.2011.2.1.14291","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of status consumption among urban Vietnamese consumers","volume":"2","author":"Mai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Org. Mark. Emerg. Econ."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J046v09n04_02","article-title":"The attitudes underlying preferences of young urban educated Polish consumers towards products made in western countries","volume":"9","author":"Marcoux","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02262","article-title":"Social value orientation and endorsement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism: an exploratory study comparing individuals from North America and South Korea","volume":"9","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.bm.2540222","article-title":"An exploration of the brand identity\u2013brand image linkage: a communications perspective","volume":"12","author":"Nandan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Brand Manag."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1108\/10610420210423455","article-title":"Status brands: examining the effects of non-product-related brand associations on status and conspicuous consumption","volume":"11","author":"O'Cass","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Prod. Brand Manag"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.155","article-title":"Exploring consumer status and conspicuous consumption","volume":"4","author":"O'cass","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Consum. Behav."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1108\/17468770910964993","article-title":"Exploringtheimpact of brandimageoncustomerloyalty and commitment in China","volume":"4","author":"Ogba","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Technol. Manag. China"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2018.1447944","article-title":"Trust as mediator of corporate social responsibility, image and loyalty in the hotel sector","volume":"26","author":"Palacios-Florencio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tourism"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1108\/14601060010334876","article-title":"The multicultural context of brandloyalty","volume":"3","author":"Palumbo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Innovat. Manag."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11621-010-0085-7","article-title":"Sustainability marketing\u2014An innovative conception of marketing","volume":"27","author":"Peattie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Market. Rev. St. Gallen"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1108\/07363760010335330","article-title":"Consumers' perceptions of the country-of-origin effect on purchasing intentions of (in)conspicuous products","volume":"17","author":"Piron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Consum. Market"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679200306","article-title":"An examination of the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying, and brand loyalty","volume":"20","author":"Podoshen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Market. Theory Pract."},{"key":"B66","unstructured":"As\u00ed se ha 'colombianizado' Starbucks ensu primer a\u00f1o2015"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-10-2015-0449","article-title":"Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: the importance-performance map analysis","volume":"116","author":"Ringle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indust. Manag. Data Syst."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.364","article-title":"Conspicuous consumption orientation: conceptualisation, scale development and validation","volume":"10","author":"Roy Chaudhuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Consum. Behav."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1108\/10569210710776512","article-title":"CARE-ing strategy for integration of brand identity with brand image","volume":"17","author":"Roy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Commer. Manag."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.06.006","article-title":"Theinfluence of gender roles in the drivers of luxury consumption for women: insights from the gulf region","volume":"51","author":"Semaan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2014.42","article-title":"Consumer ethnocentrism: reconceptualization and cross-cultural validation","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-2963(91)90050-8","article-title":"Why we buy what we buy: a theory of consumption values","volume":"22","author":"Sheth","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378702400304","article-title":"Consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE","volume":"24","author":"Shimp","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Market. Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305741013001094","article-title":"Nationalism, patriotism and foreign policy attitudes among Chinese university students","volume":"216","author":"Sinkkonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"China Q."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02726512","article-title":"Self-congruity versus functional congruity: predictors of consumer behavior","volume":"19","author":"Sirgy","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acad. Market. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/13504630.2013.835509","article-title":"Not a simple coffee shop: local, global and glocal dimensions of the consumption of Starbucks in China","volume":"19","author":"Smith Maguire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Ident."},{"key":"B77","first-page":"83","article-title":"The effect of brand image on overall satisfaction and loyalty intention in the context of color cosmetic","volume":"12","author":"Sondoh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.05.024","article-title":"Product patriotism: how consumption practices make and maintain national identity","volume":"121","author":"Spielmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"B79","unstructured":"Starbucks Support for Coffee Growers in Colombia2016"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1108\/02651339910281956","article-title":"The impact of ethnocentrism on devising and implementing a corporate identity strategy for new international markets","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. Market. Rev."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.07.009","article-title":"The influence of social media intensity and EWOM on conspicuous consumption","volume":"148","author":"Thoumrungroje","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.118","article-title":"Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism","volume":"74","author":"Triandis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00213624.2001.11506342","article-title":"Veblen, Bourdieu, and conspicuous consumption","volume":"35","author":"Trigg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Econ. Issues"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1108\/07363760410558663","article-title":"Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: testing moderating effects","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Consum. Market."},{"key":"B85","first-page":"258","article-title":"Consumer ethnocentrism in two emerging markets: determinants and predictive validity","volume":"25","author":"Witkowski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Consum. Res."},{"key":"B86","first-page":"197","article-title":"Suppose you own the world and no one knows? Conspicuous consumption, materialism and self","volume":"24","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Consum. Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6793(199808)15:5<423::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Personal taste and family face: luxury consumption in confucian and western societies","volume":"15","author":"Wong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Market."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.5897\/AJBM10.1347","article-title":"The impact of hospital brand image on service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-08-2017-0500","article-title":"The impact of employee conspicuous consumption cue and physical attractiveness on consumers' behavioral responses to service failures","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hospital. Manag."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.662950\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T11:46:17Z","timestamp":1629373577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.662950\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.662950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.662950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"article-number":"662950"}}