{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:29:42Z","timestamp":1788460182575,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G062117N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G062117N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Adolescence is the most critical life period for the development of eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. Although problems in identity functioning and emotion dysregulation have been proven important risk and maintaining factors of ED symptomatology, they have never been integrated in a longitudinal study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The present study is part of the Longitudinal Identity research in Adolescence (LIA)-study and aimed to uncover the temporal interplay between identity functioning, cognitive emotion regulation, and ED symptomatology in adolescence. A total of 2,162 community adolescents (Time 1: 54% female; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub> = 14.58, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 1.88, range = 10\u201321 years) participated at three measurement points with 1-year intervals. They reported on identity functioning (identity synthesis and identity confusion), cognitive emotion regulation (rumination, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal), and ED symptomatology (drive for thinness and bulimia symptoms).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Cross-lagged paths could be fixed for boys and girls and showed bidirectional associations between both dimensions of identity functioning and both rumination and catastrophizing over time. Similarly, these maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were bidirectionally related to ED symptomatology over time. Finally, indirect pathways pointed to bidirectional associations between both dimensions of identity functioning and bulimia symptoms through rumination and catastrophizing. Only unidirectional associations emerged for drive for thinness and almost no cross-lagged associations were found with positive reappraisal.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The present study demonstrates that identity confusion may contribute to the development of ED symptomatology in adolescence through cognitive emotion dysregulation. It also reveals that these ED symptoms hamper identity development through emotion dysregulation. These results stress the importance of targeting both identity functioning and cognitive emotion regulation in the prevention and intervention of ED symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.667235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T12:40:54Z","timestamp":1622205654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Identity Functioning and Eating Disorder Symptomatology: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Margaux","family":"Verschueren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Claes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Palmeroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leni","family":"Raemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinne","family":"Buelens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Moons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Luyckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20950","article-title":"The development of bulimic symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood in females and males: a population-based longitudinal cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Abebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00057-X","article-title":"Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: a meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"21","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023598","article-title":"When are adaptive strategies most predictive of psychopathology?","volume":"121","author":"Aldao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","article-title":"Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edn2013"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2307\/2490748","article-title":"The cross-lagged research approach: description and illustration","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Account. Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22115","article-title":"Rumination and emotions in nonsuicidal self-injury and eating disorder behaviors: a preliminary test of the emotional cascade model","volume":"71","author":"Arbuthnott","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532706XID0401_1","article-title":"The development and validation of a measure of identity distress","volume":"4","author":"Berman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ident. Int. J. Theory Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00273.x","article-title":"Identity style and coping strategies","volume":"60","author":"Berzonsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/17405620444000120","article-title":"Identity processing style, self-construction, and personal epistemic assumptions: a social-cognitive perspective","volume":"1","author":"Berzonsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"BialosiewiczS.\n            MurphyK.\n            BerryT.\n          Washington, DCAmerican Evaluation Association Demonstration SessionAn Introduction to Measurement Invariance Testing: Resource Packet for Participants2013"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-018-0931-5","article-title":"Identity structure and processes in adolescence: examining the directionality of between-and within-person associations","volume":"48","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-014-9616-x","article-title":"Emotion regulation in children with emotional problems","volume":"38","author":"Braet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.12.001","article-title":"Difficulties in emotion regulation across the spectrum of eating disorders","volume":"55","author":"Brockmeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research, 2nd Edn","author":"Brown","year":"2015"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378102600402","article-title":"Developmental considerations of anorexia nervosa and obesity","volume":"26","author":"Bruch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.12.1531","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa: therapy and theory","volume":"139","author":"Bruch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.009","article-title":"Investigating the DSM-5 criteria for non-suicidal self-injury disorder in a community sample of adolescents","volume":"260","author":"Buelens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct. Equat. Model."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/ajpy.12043","article-title":"Coping and emotion regulation from childhood to early adulthood: points of convergence and divergence","volume":"66","author":"Compas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/014466504772812931","article-title":"A cognitive model of bulimia nervosa","volume":"43","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2015.1034057","article-title":"Re-thinking eating disorder prevention: the case for prioritizing the promotion of healthy identity development","volume":"24","author":"Corning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.747","article-title":"Cognitive\u2013emotional\u2013behavioural therapy for the eating disorders: working with beliefs about emotions","volume":"14","author":"Corstorphine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev. Prof. J. Eat. Disord. Assoc."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(87)90015-3","article-title":"A formulation of Erikson's theory of ego identity formation","volume":"7","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Rev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2011.08.001","article-title":"Assessing rumination in eating disorders: principal component analysis of a minimally modified ruminative response scale","volume":"12","author":"Cowdrey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0952-8","article-title":"Emotion regulation across childhood and adolescence: evidence for a maladaptive shift in adolescence","volume":"26","author":"Cracco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2011.576858","article-title":"Identity formation in Italian emerging adults: a cluster-analytic approach and associations with psychosocial functioning","volume":"8","author":"Crocetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000076","article-title":"A cross-national study of identity status in Dutch and Italian adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Crocetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Psychol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00368-3","article-title":"Prevalence and risk and protective factors related to disordered eating behaviors among adolescents: relationship to gender and ethnicity","volume":"31","author":"Croll","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22393","article-title":"Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire","volume":"48","author":"Danielsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9811-6","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in adolescence: the role of catastrophic worry","volume":"42","author":"Danielsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2184","article-title":"A double burden: emotional eating and lack of cognitive reappraisal in eating disordered women","volume":"20","author":"Danner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118445112.stat06661.pub2","article-title":"Dropouts in longitudinal surveys","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wiley StatsRef Stat. Ref. Online"},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Identity: Youth and Crisis","author":"Erikson","year":"1968"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00088-8","article-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a \u201ctransdiagnostic\u201d theory and treatment","volume":"41","author":"Fairburn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1159\/000106468","article-title":"Fragmented selves: temporality and identity in borderline personality disorder","volume":"40","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.04.010","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire\u2013Development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short)","volume":"41","author":"Garnefski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Diff."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00113-6","article-title":"Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems","volume":"30","author":"Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Diff."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-0562-3","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9\u201311-year-old children","volume":"16","author":"Garnefski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B40","volume-title":"EDI-3 Eating Disorders Inventory-3: Professional Manual.","author":"Garner","year":"2004"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2016.06.015","article-title":"Loss of control eating in adolescents: associations with adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"22","author":"Goossens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"26","author":"Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Regulation","author":"Gross","year":"2007"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2018.1418264","article-title":"Restrictive eating is associated with emotion regulation difficulties in a non-clinical sample","volume":"26","author":"Haynos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.110.1.86","article-title":"Binge eating as escape from self-awareness","volume":"110","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9384-3","article-title":"Examination of the response styles theory in a community sample of young adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Hilt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2478\/ppb-2013-0032","article-title":"Identity status and emotion regulation in adolescence and early adulthood","volume":"44","author":"Jankowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polish Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.03.019","article-title":"Gender differences in rumination: a meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Diff."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558403258847","article-title":"Body image and the appearance culture among adolescent girls and boys: an examination of friend conversations, peer criticism, appearance magazines, and the internalization of appearance ideals","volume":"19","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2006.20.6.618","article-title":"Disturbed sense of identity in borderline personality disorder","volume":"20","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/gpr0000138","article-title":"Biological and behavioral mechanisms of identity pathology development: an integrative review","volume":"22","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"B52","volume-title":"Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism","author":"Kernberg","year":"1975"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000356","article-title":"A theoretical framework for the associations between identity and psychopathology","volume":"53","author":"Klimstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B54","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 2nd Edn","author":"Kline","year":"2005"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2007.06.007","article-title":"Relationships amongst body dissatisfaction, internalisation of the media body ideal and perceived pressure from media in adolescent girls and boys","volume":"4","author":"Knauss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00273","article-title":"The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in problem gaming among adolescents: a nationally representative survey study","volume":"10","author":"K\u00f6k\u00f6nyei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.07.036","article-title":"The behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire: development, psychometric properties and relationships with emotional problems and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire","volume":"137","author":"Kraaij","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Diff."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031123","article-title":"Disordered eating behaviours in an undergraduate sample: associations among gender, body mass index, and difficulties in emotion regulation","volume":"46","author":"Lafrance Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9500-2","article-title":"Body dissatisfaction among adolescent boys and girls: the effects of body mass, peer appearance culture and internalization of appearance ideals","volume":"40","author":"Lawler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10103","article-title":"Gender differences in eating disorder symptoms in young adults","volume":"32","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B61","volume-title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder","author":"Linehan","year":"1993"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values","volume":"83","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22565","article-title":"Deficits in general emotion regulation skills\u2013Evidence of a transdiagnostic factor","volume":"74","author":"Lukas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9753-z","article-title":"Identity processes and coping strategies in college students: short-term longitudinal dynamics and the role of personality","volume":"41","author":"Luyckx","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2007.04.004","article-title":"Capturing ruminative exploration: extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence","volume":"42","author":"Luyckx","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2570","article-title":"Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic feature among eating disorders: cross-sectional and longitudinal approach","volume":"26","author":"Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.06.004","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger","volume":"39","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Diff."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721413475622","article-title":"Narrative identity","volume":"22","author":"McAdams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Direct. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00716.x","article-title":"The study of adolescent identity formation 2000-2010: a review of longitudinal research","volume":"21","author":"Meeus","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.10.200","article-title":"Frequency and patterns of eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence","volume":"54","author":"Micali","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.05.011","article-title":"Emotional maltreatment and disordered eating in adolescents: testing the mediating role of emotion regulation","volume":"39","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B72","volume-title":"Mplus: The Comprehensive Modeling Program for Applied Researchers: User's Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2012"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2000.87.3.741","article-title":"Coping skills in Japanese women with eating disorders","volume":"87","author":"Nakahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.21865\/RIDEP54.1.13","article-title":"Internal structure of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-18) in a sample of Peruvian adolescents","volume":"1","author":"Navarro-Loli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Diagn. Eval. Aval. Psicol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22141","article-title":"Identity disturbance and problems with emotion regulation are related constructs across diagnoses","volume":"71","author":"Neacsiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.04.012","article-title":"Dieting and disordered eating behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study","volume":"111","author":"Neumark-Sztainer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.06.012","article-title":"Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms","volume":"51","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Diff."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.1.198","article-title":"Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents","volume":"116","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking rumination","volume":"3","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2014.949305","article-title":"Eating Disorder Inventory-3, validation in Swedish patients with eating disorders, psychiatric outpatients and a normal control sample","volume":"69","author":"Nyman-Carlsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000358","article-title":"Testing prospective effects in longitudinal research: comparing seven competing cross-lagged models","volume":"120","author":"Orth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-005-0911-2","article-title":"Eating disorders\u2014The regulation of positive as well as negative emotion experience","volume":"12","author":"Overton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol. Med. Sett."},{"key":"B83","first-page":"63","article-title":"Is the body the self? Women and body image","volume":"31","author":"Polivy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colleg. Antropol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.upsy11-4.pada","article-title":"Physical-verbal aggression and depression in adolescents: the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"11","author":"Rey Pe\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Univ. Psychol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087944","article-title":"From trust on intimacy: a new inventory for examining Erikson's stages of psychosocial development","volume":"10","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02296192","article-title":"A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis","volume":"66","author":"Satorra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22590","article-title":"Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4-revised (SATAQ-4R)","volume":"50","author":"Schaefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X53902","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa: valued and visible. A cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model and its implications for research and practice","volume":"45","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199305)13:4<335::AID-EAT2260130402>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Disturbances in identity and self-regulation in bulimia nervosa: implications for a metaphorical perspective of \u201cbody as self\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Schupak-Neuberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9606-6","article-title":"Examining the light and dark sides of emerging adults' identity: a study of identity status differences in positive and negative psychosocial functioning","volume":"40","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X05275965","article-title":"Identity and agency in emerging adulthood: two developmental routes in the individualization process","volume":"37","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Youth Soc."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802634266","article-title":"Measuring identity from an Eriksonian perspective: two sides of the same coin?","volume":"91","author":"Schwartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.629","article-title":"Daily and momentary mood and stress are associated with binge eating and vomiting in bulimia nervosa patients in the natural environment","volume":"75","author":"Smyth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B94","volume-title":"The Relationship Between Eating Disorders and Ego Identity Development","author":"Sparks","year":"1993"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.261","article-title":"Longitudinal development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls and boys between ages 9\u00bd and 15\u00bd years","volume":"164","author":"Susman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.11.009","article-title":"Emotion regulation deficits in eating disorders: a marker of eating pathology or general psychopathology?","volume":"197","author":"Svaldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B97","unstructured":"The performance of the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI: an examination of sample size, path size, and degrees of freedom3139\n            TaasoobshiraziG.\n            WangS.\n          J. Appl. Quant. Methods112016"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0601_1","article-title":"Sex differences in coping behavior: a meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping","volume":"6","author":"Tamres","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10312-000","volume-title":"Exacting Beauty: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment of Body Image Disturbance","author":"Thompson","year":"1999"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00144","article-title":"Thin-ideal internalization: mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology","volume":"10","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Direct. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2012.686740","article-title":"A checklist for testing measurement invariance","volume":"9","author":"Van de Schoot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1027\/\/1015-5759.19.1.66","article-title":"Validation of the Dutch EDI-2 in one clinical and two nonclinical populations","volume":"19","author":"Van Strien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2009.28.1.94","article-title":"When the body defines the self: self-concept clarity, internalization, and body image","volume":"28","author":"Vartanian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22835","article-title":"Risk and resiliency factors related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: the identity disruption model","volume":"51","author":"Vartanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00816","article-title":"Eating disorder symptomatology and identity formation in adolescence: A cross-lagged longitudinal approach","volume":"9","author":"Verschueren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696819870021","article-title":"Identity and psychopathology: bridging developmental and clinical research","volume":"8","author":"Verschueren","year":"","journal-title":"Emerg. Adulth"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-01174-0","article-title":"Eating disorder symptomatology in adolescent boys and girls: Identifying distinct developmental trajectory classes","volume":"49","author":"Verschueren","year":"","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5334\/pb.348","article-title":"Identity statuses throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood: a large-scale study into gender, age, and contextual differences","volume":"57","author":"Verschueren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Belg."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9949-x","article-title":"The body perfect ideal and eating regulation goals: investigating the role of adolescents' identity styles","volume":"43","author":"Verstuyf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0365-7","article-title":"Differences in emotion regulation difficulties across types of eating disorders during adolescence","volume":"46","author":"Weinbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025413515405","article-title":"Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations","volume":"38","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Dev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.667235\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T12:41:12Z","timestamp":1622205672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.667235\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.667235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.667235","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"article-number":"667235"}}