{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:25:48Z","timestamp":1793395548950,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> This study used a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and psychological resilience (PR) and the associated mechanisms, the mediating role of posttraumatic growth (PTG), and the moderating role of deliberate rumination (DR) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Knowledge of the relationship between these four variables examined further understanding of the PR improvement mechanism of college students and even the general public.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The college students who participated in this study came from an independent college in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 918 college students completed the survey, and the final data sample size was 881. SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS (version 3.3) were used to conduct Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical regression linear analysis on the data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> (1) The correlation analysis showed that GSE and PR were positively correlated and that PTG was positively correlated with GSE and PR. DR was positively correlated with GSE, PTG, and PR. (2) The results of mediation analysis showed that GSE had a direct predictive effect on DR, and PTG partially mediated the relationship between the two. (3) The results of moderating effect analysis showed that DR hindered the effect of GSE on PTG but enhanced the positive impact of PTG on PR.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> General self-efficacy can improve PR under the mediating influence of PTG. DR played a positive moderating role in the relationship between GSE and PTG, and played a negative moderating role in the relationship between PTG and PR. These results advance the understanding of the mechanism between GSE and PR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.684354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T06:49:21Z","timestamp":1624430961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Impact of General Self-Efficacy on Psychological Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Growth and the Moderating Role of Deliberate Rumination"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingrou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlian","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongtao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-509","article-title":"Psychometric assessment of the Wagnild and Young's resilience scale in Kano, Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Abiola","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"653","article-title":"Cognitive adaptations to high-risk infants: the search for mastery, meaning, and protection from future harm","volume":"89","author":"Affleck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Ment. Defic"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570017","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.570017","article-title":"Influence of COVID-19 on the perception of academic self-efficacy, state anxiety, and trait anxiety in college students","volume":"11","author":"Alemany-Arrebola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-014-9722-y","article-title":"General self-efficacy and its relationship to self-reported mental illness and barriers to care: a general population study","volume":"50","author":"Andersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Mental health status and its demographic factors among preservice teachers during the epidemic of COVID-19122128\n            AoD.\n            WangZ.\n            TangJ.\n          Popul. Dev262020"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(90)90004-G","article-title":"Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of control over aids infection","volume":"13","author":"Bandura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eval. Program Plann"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552583","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.552583","article-title":"Does self-efficacy and emotional control protect hospital staff from COVID-19 anxiety and PTSD symptoms? Psychological functioning of hospital staff after the announcement of COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Bidzan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22133","article-title":"The effect of self efficacy and meaning in life on posttraumatic stress disorder and depression severity among veterans","volume":"71","author":"Blackburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jedm.12050","article-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach","volume":"51","author":"Bolin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Educ. Measure."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.06.006","article-title":"Influence of self-efficacy and coping on quality of life and social participation after acquired brain injury: a 1-year follow-up study","volume":"95","author":"Brands","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/135910457000100301","article-title":"Back-translation for cross- cultural research","volume":"1","author":"Brislin","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cross Cult. Psychol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410602268","volume-title":"Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician's Guide.","author":"Calhoun","year":"1999"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2010.529901","article-title":"Assessing posttraumatic cognitive processes: the Event Related Rumination Inventory","volume":"24","author":"Cann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-35332\/v1","article-title":"\u201cAndra tutto bene\u201d: associations between character strengths, psychological distress and self-efficacy during Covid-19 lockdown","author":"Casali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.02.06","article-title":"Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Southern Med. Univ."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12934","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12934","article-title":"Self-efficacy, cancer-related fatigue, and quality of life in patients with resected lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Investigation on mental resilience of stayed observation and isolation personnel and its influencing factors during the period of prevention and control of COVID-1914731475\n            ChenL.\n          Chin. Nurs. Res.342020"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110219","article-title":"Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale survey","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203815","article-title":"Recipients of suicide-related disclosure: the link between disclosure and posttraumatic growth for suicide attempt survivors","volume":"16","author":"Frey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"Reliability and validity analysis of Chinese post-traumatic growth scale in multiple trauma survivors10031005\n            GengY.\n            XuQ.\n            LiuH.\n            XuX.\n          Chin. J. Nurs462011"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616978","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.616978","article-title":"Emotional impact of COVID-19 lockdown among the Spanish population","volume":"11","author":"Gismero-Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2013"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12952","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12952","article-title":"The influence of self-efficacy and resilient coping on cancer patients' quality of life","volume":"28","author":"Hinz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577942","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.577942","article-title":"COVID-19 infection risk and depressive symptoms among young adults during quarantine: the moderating role of grit and social support","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317723450","article-title":"Relational resilience as a potential mediator between adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depression","volume":"25","author":"Howell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2008.00902","article-title":"Development and psychometric validity of the resilience scale for Chinese adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. Sin."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01275","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships between social support and posttraumatic growth among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490060209","article-title":"Changes in outlook following disaster: the preliminary development of a measure to assess positive and negative responses","volume":"6","author":"Joseph","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.21909\/sp.2016.04.722","article-title":"Coping strategies and post-traumatic growth in paramedics: moderating effect of specific self-efficacy and positive\/negative affectivity","volume":"58","author":"Jurisova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Studia Psychol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30047-X","article-title":"The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02665","article-title":"Gratitude moderates the mediating effect of deliberate rumination on the relationship between intrusive rumination and post-traumatic growth","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12159","article-title":"Trauma, depression, and resilience of earthquake\/tsunami\/nuclear disaster survivors of Hirono, Fukushima, Japan","volume":"68","author":"Kukihara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci"},{"key":"B34","article-title":"Preventing Chaos in a Crisis: Strategies for Prevention, Control, Damage Limitation.","author":"Lagadec","year":"1991"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2017.1384553","article-title":"The relationship among resilience, rumination and posttraumatic growth in hemodialysis patients in North China","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02055","article-title":"A structural equation model of perceived autonomy support and growth mindset in undergraduate students: the mediating role of sense of coherence","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183239","article-title":"Post-traumatic growth following exposure to memorial reports of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake: the moderating roles of self-esteem and long-term PTSD symptoms","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2000.tb00086.x","article-title":"An organizational framework for conceptualizing resilience in children","volume":"13","author":"Mandleco","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Child Adolescent Psychiatric Nurs."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20149","article-title":"Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: a construct validity approach","volume":"43","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Sch"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(87)90009-3","article-title":"Resilience in child maltreatment victims- a conceptual exploration","volume":"11","author":"Mrazek","year":"1987","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/07347332.2018.1514449","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth following cancer: the influence of emotional intelligence, management of intrusive rumination, and goal disengagement as mediated by deliberate rumination","volume":"37","author":"Mundey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychosoc. Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2013.838892","article-title":"Self-efficacy and its relationship to posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in cancer patients","volume":"20","author":"Mystakidou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Loss Trauma"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.5.1061","article-title":"Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms","volume":"77","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking rumination","volume":"3","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol. Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764019862312","article-title":"Resilience and anxiety or depression among resettled Bhutanese adults in the United States","volume":"65","author":"Poudel-Tandukar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02346","article-title":"An item-level analysis of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist and the posttraumatic growth inventory and its associations with challenge to core beliefs and rumination","volume":"9","author":"Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261","article-title":"Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: a study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic","volume":"262","author":"Ran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.6.598","article-title":"Resilience in the face of adversity. Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder","volume":"147","author":"Rutter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-01126-z","article-title":"Predictive variables of resilience in young Moroccan immigrant","author":"Sanchez-Teruel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol"},{"key":"B51","unstructured":"The resilience scale - a questionnaire to assess resilience as a personality characteristic1639\n            SchumacherJ.\n            LeppertK.\n            GunzelmannT.\n            StraussB.\n            BrahlerE.\n          Zeitschrift Fur Klinische Psychologie Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie532005"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01096.x","article-title":"The assessment of optimistic self-beliefs: comparison of the German, Spanish, and Chinese versions of the general self-efficacy scale","volume":"46","author":"Schwarzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Int. Rev"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25338","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25338","article-title":"Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Southwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20606","article-title":"Cognitive processing, rumination, and posttraumatic growth","volume":"24","author":"Stockton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180801974745","article-title":"The role of rumination in the coexistence of distress and posttraumatic growth among bereaved Japanese university students","volume":"32","author":"Taku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800802317841","article-title":"Intrusive versus deliberate rumination in posttraumatic growth across US and Japanese samples","volume":"22","author":"Taku","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090305","article-title":"The posttraumatic growth inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma","volume":"9","author":"Tedeschi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence","volume":"15","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Inquiry"},{"key":"B59","unstructured":"A correlation study on general self-efficacy, coping styles and subjective well-bing in college students396397\n            TongY.\n          Chin. J. Sch. Health252004"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729","article-title":"Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01043","article-title":"Coexistence and different determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among Chinese survivors after earthquake: role of resilience and rumination","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203879","article-title":"Predicting posttraumatic growth among firefighters: the role of deliberate rumination and problem-focused coping","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.16462\/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2015.12.021","article-title":"Analysis of the influence of social hierarchy background on depression and anxiety among college students","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Dis. Control Prev"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01993","article-title":"The underlying mechanisms of psychological resilience on emotional experience: attention-bias or emotion disengagement","volume":"11","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3434","article-title":"Effects of emotion regulation and general self-efficacy on posttraumatic growth in Chinese cancer survivors: assessing the mediating effect of positive affect","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134901","article-title":"Effects of academic motivation on clinical practice-related post-traumatic growth among nursing students in South Korea: mediating effect of resilience","volume":"17","author":"Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109719","article-title":"Memory traces of childhood exposure to terror attack and resilience and post-traumatic growth in adulthood","volume":"155","author":"Zeidner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personality Individual Differ."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15425","article-title":"The relationship between resilience, anxiety and depression among patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14247","article-title":"Resilience among stroke survivors: a cohort study of the first 6 months","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00474","article-title":"The relationship between posttraumatic cognitive change, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after the yancheng tornado: the mediating effect of rumination","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12237","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships between gratitude, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth in adolescents following the Wenchuan earthquake in China","volume":"56","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.076","article-title":"The relationship between rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after earthquake: a longitudinal study","volume":"193","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000031","article-title":"Core belief challenge and rumination as predictors of PTSD and PTG among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.684354\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T06:49:43Z","timestamp":1624430983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.684354\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.684354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.684354","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"article-number":"684354"}}