{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1777710031592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61906066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61906066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017531","name":"Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020PY027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020PY027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009988","name":"Huzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018GY06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GY06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aims to implement and investigate the application of a special intelligent diagnostic system based on deep learning in the diagnosis of pterygium using anterior segment photographs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 1,220 anterior segment photographs of normal eyes and pterygium patients were collected for training (using 750 images) and testing (using 470 images) to develop an intelligent pterygium diagnostic model. The images were classified into three categories by the experts and the intelligent pterygium diagnosis system: (i) the normal group, (ii) the observation group of pterygium, and (iii) the operation group of pterygium. The intelligent diagnostic results were compared with those of the expert diagnosis. Indicators including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa value, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), as well as 95% confidence interval (CI) and F1-score were evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The accuracy rate of the intelligent diagnosis system on the 470 testing photographs was 94.68%; the diagnostic consistency was high; the kappa values of the three groups were all above 85%. Additionally, the AUC values approached 100% in group 1 and 95% in the other two groups. The best results generated from the proposed system for sensitivity, specificity, and F1-scores were 100, 99.64, and 99.74% in group 1; 90.06, 97.32, and 92.49% in group 2; and 92.73, 95.56, and 89.47% in group 3, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The intelligent pterygium diagnosis system based on deep learning can not only judge the presence of pterygium but also classify the severity of pterygium. This study is expected to provide a new screening tool for pterygium and benefit patients from areas lacking medical resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.759229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T05:41:40Z","timestamp":1634881300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Implementation and Application of an Intelligent Pterygium Diagnosis System Based on Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng-Zhi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao-Nian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAIE.2015.7298330","article-title":"Iris segmentation method of pterygium anterior segment photographed image","author":"Abdani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceeding of the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications &amp; Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE)"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Pterygium tissues segmentation using densely connected DeepLab","author":"Abdani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceeding for the 10th Symposium on Computer Applications &amp; Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-19960801-05","article-title":"Indications for and complications of mitomycin-C in pterygium surgery.","volume":"27","author":"Anduze","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthal. 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