{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:27:34Z","timestamp":1790828854493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Substantial gender disparities in career advancement are still apparent, for instance in the gender pay gap, the overrepresentation of women in parttime work, and the underrepresentation of women in managerial positions. Regarding the developmental origins of these gender disparities, the current study examined whether children\u2019s views about future career and family involvement were associated with children\u2019s own gender schemas (gender stereotypes, gender identity) and parents\u2019 career- and family-related gender roles. Participants were 142 Dutch families with a child between the ages of 6 and 12 years old (M = 9.80, SD = 1.48, 60% girls). The families had different compositions (1 parent, 2 parents, 1 to 3 children). Children completed a computer task assessing gender stereotypes about toys and questionnaires on gender identity (i.e., felt similarity to same- and other-gender children) and their views about future career and family involvement. Parents reported their occupation, work hours, and task division in the home, which were combined in a composite variable reflecting gender-typicality of career and family involvement. Generalized estimation equations were used to take into account dependency between family members. Results revealed that parents\u2019, and especially mothers\u2019, gender-typical career and family involvement was associated with children\u2019s gender-typical views about future career and family involvement. In addition, children\u2019s felt similarity to the same gender was associated with children\u2019s gender-typical expectations about career and family involvement. These findings suggest that parents\u2019 career, work hours, and task division in the home, together play an important role in how their children envision their future work and family roles. Children themselves also play an active role in developing this vision for the future by their own gender identity, specifically by how similar they feel to individuals of the same gender. To reduce gender disparities in the occupational and domestic domain, programs need to be designed that focus on parental role modeling in the family as well as children\u2019s gender identity development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.789764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T15:07:01Z","timestamp":1642604821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Children\u2019s Views About Their Future Career and Family Involvement: Associations With Children\u2019s Gender Schemas and Parents\u2019 Involvement in Work and Family Roles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joyce J.","family":"Endendijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel M.","family":"Portengen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22089","article-title":"Early maternal and paternal caregiving moderates the links between preschoolers\u2019 reactivity and regulation and maturation of the HPA-immune axis.","volume":"63","author":"Abraham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. 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