{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T21:17:20Z","timestamp":1780953440680,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the dynamic changes of emotional and memory-related brain regions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and trauma-exposed subjects, who experienced motor vehicle accident (MVA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) and general data were collected from trauma victims who had experienced MVA within 2 days, and their social support and coping style were evaluated. The PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) is used for screening and diagnosis. Subsequently, 17 PTSD patients and 23 car accident trauma-exposed individuals completed a second fMRI scan at 2 months. Data were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine the volume changes of relevant brain regions. Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the regions of interest (ROIs) and the total scores on the clinical scales. Subsequently, the relationship between the total PCL-5 scores and the individual dimensions of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS) was studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison with the control group, the results showed a reduction in right SFG volume in the PTSD group at 2 months. Similarly, a comparison within the PTSD group revealed a reduction in the left STG volume at 2 months. Compared with the control group, PTSD patients showed a more negative coping style and worse performance in objective and subjective support. In addition, the total PCL-5 scores were negatively associated with positive coping, objective support, and subjective support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of PTSD may be related to reduced volume of the right SFG and left STG, and that patients with PTSD receive less social support and tend to cope in a negative manner in the face of stressful events. These results suggest that within 2 months of the MVA, changes in gray matter volume have occurred in some brain regions of those suffering from PTSD. We believe the results of our study will provide useful insights into the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1018276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T13:26:21Z","timestamp":1665062781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dynamic changes in brain structure in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident: A voxel-based morphometry-based follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luodong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haohao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anxin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaomeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-2006-9304","article-title":"Relationship of cognitive measures and gray and white matter in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"9","author":"Baxter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.06.015","article-title":"Whole-brain voxel-based statistical analysis of gray matter and white matter in temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"23","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans.","volume":"28","author":"Bovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.901486","article-title":"HIV-related stigma and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in HIV-infected individuals: Does social support play a mediating or moderating role?","volume":"26","author":"Breet","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.09.006","article-title":"Gray matter density reduction in the insula in fire survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder: A voxel-based morphometric study.","volume":"146","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0621-x","article-title":"A review of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"17","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3422","article-title":"Noninvasive brain stimulation: From physiology to network dynamics and back.","volume":"16","author":"Dayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843x.107.3.508","article-title":"Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents.","volume":"107","author":"Ehlers","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(01)00351-2","article-title":"Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?","volume":"70","author":"Elzinga","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000090897","article-title":"Morphometric and psychometric comparisons between non-substance-abusing patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and normal controls.","volume":"75","author":"Emdad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20208","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder: Review of current methods and findings.","volume":"24","author":"Francati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1038\/nn958","article-title":"Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma.","volume":"5","author":"Gilbertson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2018.03.014","article-title":"Statistical testing and power analysis for brain-wide association study.","volume":"47","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.011","article-title":"A systematic review of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adult road traffic crash survivors.","volume":"44","author":"Heron-Delaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22615","article-title":"Resting state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in veterans with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"36","author":"Kennis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.029","article-title":"Gray matter correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative meta-analysis.","volume":"73","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26929","article-title":"MRI findings in posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"52","author":"Kunimatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.04.003","article-title":"Grey matter reduction associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic stress.","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1952","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity of the amygdala and its subregions in typhoon-related post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12964-6","article-title":"Decreased triple network connectivity in patients with recent onset post-traumatic stress disorder after a single prolonged trauma exposure.","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039025","article-title":"Cortical thinning in patients with recent onset post-traumatic stress disorder after a single prolonged trauma exposure.","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22284","article-title":"Amygdala response to negative stimuli predicts PTSD symptom onset following a terrorist attack.","volume":"31","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.05.021","article-title":"Anatomical deficits in adult posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.","volume":"270","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1245994","article-title":"Phonetic feature encoding in human superior temporal gyrus.","volume":"343","author":"Mesgarani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.50","article-title":"Amygdala volume changes in posttraumatic stress disorder in a large case-controlled veterans group.","volume":"69","author":"Morey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.09.020","article-title":"The mismatch negativity (MMN)\u2013a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions.","volume":"123","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.07.005","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: A state-of-the-science review.","volume":"40","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2013.804180","article-title":"Prognosis of outcome in adult survivors of road accidents in France: One-year follow-up in the ESPARR cohort.","volume":"15","author":"Nhac-Vu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"197","article-title":"The evolution of PTSD criteria across editions of DSM.","volume":"28","author":"North","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.05.008","article-title":"Frontal and subcortical grey matter reductions in PTSD.","volume":"266","author":"O\u2019Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.04.006","article-title":"Cerebral and cerebellar gray matter reduction in first-episode patients with major depressive disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study.","volume":"80","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.07.013","article-title":"Regional homogeneity and resting state functional connectivity: Associations with exposure to early life stress.","volume":"214","author":"Philip","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.10.002","article-title":"Mindfulness based intervention in Parkinson\u2019s disease leads to structural brain changes on MRI: A randomized controlled longitudinal trial.","volume":"115","author":"Pickut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.010","article-title":"Prevalence and Axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Results from wave 2 of the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.","volume":"25","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2994","article-title":"The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex.","volume":"12","author":"Shackman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1612499","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"376","author":"Shalev","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"98","article-title":"Theoretical background study and application of social support rate scale.","volume":"2","author":"Shuiyuan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0659-4","article-title":"Evidence of diffuse damage in frontal and occipital cortex in the brain of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"33","author":"Tavanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00967-1","article-title":"Cortical volume abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder: An ENIGMA-psychiatric genomics consortium PTSD workgroup mega-analysis.","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159065","article-title":"Preliminary study of acute changes in emotion processing in trauma survivors with PTSD symptoms.","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-96","article-title":"Risk factors for posttraumatic stress reactions among Chinese students following exposure to a snowstorm disaster.","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318815595","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the simplified coping style questionnaire.","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psychol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.1.137","article-title":"Learning and memory in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"152","author":"Yehuda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-012-1261-3","article-title":"Altered regional homogeneity in post-traumatic stress disorder: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"28","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029404","article-title":"Life events, coping, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Chinese adolescents exposed to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China.","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1018276\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T13:26:26Z","timestamp":1665062786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1018276\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1018276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1018276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"article-number":"1018276"}}