{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:27:16Z","timestamp":1791296836560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005001","name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant No. NCRCCD-9825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant No. NCRCCD-9825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary incontinence is a prevalent disorder amongst older women. Identifying the psychosocial experiences of older women in disease management can improve the patient care process. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the psychosocial experiences of older women in the management of urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. The study data were collected via unstructured in-depth face-to-face interviews with 22 older women suffering from urinary incontinence selected via purposive sampling. Sampling and data analysis were done simultaneously and were continued until data saturation. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated that the older people with urinary incontinence had various psychosocial experiences while living with and managing this disease. Accordingly, four main themes were extracted from the data as follows: \u201cproblem incompatibility with the disease,\u201d \u201cmental impasse,\u201d \u201cfacing social restrictions,\u201d and \u201cconcealment and social escapism.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrated that older people with urinary incontinence experienced significant psychosocial pressures while living with this disorder, which affected their psychosocial well-being. Thus, paying attention to these psychosocial experiences while supporting and taking care of these patients can positively impact their psychosocial health and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.785446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T01:24:51Z","timestamp":1646702691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychosocial Experiences of Older Women in the Management of Urinary Incontinence: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sorur","family":"Javanmardifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahin","family":"Gheibizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kourosh","family":"Zarea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Ghodsbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Models of adjustment to illness.","volume":"19","author":"Afrasiabifar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Midwifery"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11599","article-title":"Effect of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of older adults in riyadh: medical and sociocultural perspectives.","volume":"12","author":"Alshammari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"115","article-title":"Accepting and adjusting: older women\u2019s experiences of living with urinary incontinence.","volume":"28","author":"Andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urol. Nurs."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.33590\/emj\/10312098","article-title":"Urinary incontinence, depression and psychological factors-a review of population studies.","volume":"1","author":"Avery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Med. J. Urol."},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Psychological perspectives in urinary incontinence: a metasynthesis.","volume":"1","author":"Avery","year":"2013","journal-title":"OA Womens Health"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"125","article-title":"Socioeconomic status of aged people in Ilam province.","volume":"37","author":"Babanejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02135-8","article-title":"Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","volume":"21","author":"Batmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-014-1381-7","article-title":"Impact of desmopressin on nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS\/BPH).","volume":"32","author":"Berges","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000339929","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and obstetric factors\u2019 impact on female urinary incontinence in Europe: a systematic review.","volume":"90","author":"Cerruto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072533","article-title":"Distress due to urinary problems and psychosocial correlates among retired men in Hong Kong.","volume":"17","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reducing confusion about grounded theory and qualitative content analysis: similarities and differences.","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Autonomy in the elderly: a phenomenological study.","volume":"12","author":"Darvishpoor Kakhki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hakim Res. J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000652124.58511.24","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in older adults.","volume":"120","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJN Am. J. Nurs."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmm058","article-title":"Culturally sensitive continence care: a qualitative study among South Asian Indian women in Leicester.","volume":"24","author":"Doshani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05422.x","article-title":"Beyond incontinence: the stigma of other urinary symptoms.","volume":"66","author":"Elstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"B16","author":"Gjerde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Female Urinary Incontinence: Perceptions and Practice. A Qualitative Study From Amhara Region, Ethiopia."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"423","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in women.","volume":"77","author":"Goforth","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. C. Med. J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness.","volume":"24","author":"Graneheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0878-z","article-title":"Qualitative exploration of the acceptability of a postnatal pelvic floor muscle training intervention to prevent urinary incontinence.","volume":"20","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Competing paradigms in qualitative research.","volume":"2","author":"Guba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Handb. Qual. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2007.01787.x","article-title":"The meaning of women\u2019s experience of living with long-term urinary incontinence is powerlessness.","volume":"16","author":"H\u00e4gglund","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2007.00481.x","article-title":"Fear of humiliation inhibits women\u2019s care-seeking behaviour for long-term urinary incontinence.","volume":"21","author":"H\u00e4gglund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand. J. Caring Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945909354903","article-title":"Experiencing and managing urinary incontinence: a qualitative study.","volume":"32","author":"Hayder","year":"2010","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ijun.12305","article-title":"Behavioural habits and underlying diseases associated with urolithiasis: a case\u2013control study","author":"Heidari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol. Nurs."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.08.019","article-title":"A \u201cusual occurrence:\u201d. Stress incontinence among reproductive aged women in Sri Lanka.","volume":"69","author":"Hemachandra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-11692008000400020","article-title":"Psychocultural meanings of urinary incontinence in women: a review.","volume":"16","author":"Higa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Am. Enfermagem"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"25","article-title":"Investigating the correlation between social support and health of the elderly in selected areas of Tehran.","volume":"21","author":"Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nurs. Midwifery"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.88715","article-title":"Spiritual health as experienced by muslim adults in Iran: a qualitative content analysis.","volume":"20","author":"Jaberi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shiraz E Med. J."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"45","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and its predisposing factors in reproductive age women.","volume":"25","author":"Javadifar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. J. Ilam Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00586-1","article-title":"The relationship between spiritual well-being and hope, and adherence to treatment regimen in patients with diabetes.","volume":"19","author":"Javanmardifard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"350","article-title":"Relationship of perceived social support with the activities of daily living in older adults living in rural communities in Iran.","volume":"15","author":"Jokar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Ageing"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12074","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in women in rural Pakistan: prevalence, severity, associated factors and impact on life.","volume":"120","author":"Jokhio","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.7257\/1053-816X.2010.30.6.318","article-title":"The effect of culture on urinary incontinence: do we really understand?","volume":"30","author":"Karlowicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urol. Nurs."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.06.008","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence in older Turkish women, risk factors, and effect on activities of daily living.","volume":"61","author":"Ka\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20170555","article-title":"The influence of menopause on urinary incontinence in the women of the community: a cross-sectional study from North India.","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Contracept. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105314522084","article-title":"The psychological impact of overactive bladder: a systematic review.","volume":"21","author":"Kinsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/708564","article-title":"Urinary incontinence: its assessment and relationship to depression among community-dwelling multiethnic older women.","volume":"2014","author":"Lagan\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88740-4","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and the association with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean women.","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"498","article-title":"Management of urinary incontinence in residential care.","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.1999.00164.x","article-title":"The experience of stress incontinence after childbirth.","volume":"26","author":"Mason","year":"1999","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"27","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence among elderly women in Yazd. Iran: a population-based study.","volume":"1","author":"Morowatisharifabad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elder. Health J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6870-6","article-title":"Urinary incontinence among urban and rural community dwelling older women: prevalence, risk factors and quality of life.","volume":"19","author":"Murukesu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1348\/135910707X187786","article-title":"It\u2019s just the worry about not being able to control it! A qualitative study of living with overactive bladder.","volume":"13","author":"Nicolson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojn.2020.107051","article-title":"The psycho-social impact of urinary incontinence on the quality of life among Kuwaiti women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"10","author":"Omu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open J. Nurs."},{"key":"B45","article-title":"The meaning of urinary incontinence in female geriatric population who experience urinary incontinence: a qualitative study.","volume":"2","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Nurs. Pract."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16193781","article-title":"Living with urinary incontinence: potential risks of women\u2019s health? A qualitative study on the perspectives of female patients seeking care for the first time in a specialized center.","volume":"16","author":"Pintos-D\u00edaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-220X2016032603266","article-title":"Impact of urinary incontinence types on women\u2019s quality of life.","volume":"51","author":"Saboia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"178","article-title":"Comparison of social health and quality of life between the elderlies resident at nursing homes with non-resident counterparts in Tehran City, Iran.","volume":"14","author":"Saeid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Salmand Iran. J. Ageing"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.61.02.178","article-title":"Quality of life in women with urinary incontinence.","volume":"61","author":"Senra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. M\u00e9d. Bras."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01609-4","article-title":"The effect of a smartphone application on women\u2019s performance and health beliefs about breast self-examination: a quasi-experimental study.","volume":"21","author":"Shakery","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2020.10.012","article-title":"Urinary and faecal incontinence in older adults.","volume":"49","author":"Shaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/ijun.12052","article-title":"The role of dietary habits in urinary stone disease.","volume":"8","author":"Shirazi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol. Nurs."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"13","article-title":"Chronic pain management in older people: a qualitative study.","volume":"4","author":"Shirazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs. Midwifery"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1576\/toag.13.3.143.27665","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence in women.","volume":"13","author":"Sinclair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"99","article-title":"Incontinence in older adults: the role of the geriatric multidisciplinary team.","volume":"59","author":"Spencer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Columbia Med. J."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-017-0214-6","article-title":"Urinary incontinence, mental health and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland.","volume":"17","author":"Stickley","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430600739371","article-title":"\u201cIt can always happen\u201d: the impact of urinary incontinence on elderly men and women.","volume":"24","author":"Teunissen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Prim. Health Care"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igx025","article-title":"Family realtionships and well being.","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innov. Aging"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-019-0555-4","article-title":"A meta-ethnography to understand the experience of living with urinary incontinence:\u2018is it just part and parcel of life?\u2019.","volume":"20","author":"Toye","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"945","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in Moroccan and Turkish women: a qualitative study on impact and preferences for treatment.","volume":"56","author":"van den Muijsenbergh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.785446\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T09:37:38Z","timestamp":1700300258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.785446\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.785446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.785446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"article-number":"785446"}}