{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:22:52Z","timestamp":1790702572894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychotherapy with the use of psychedelic substances, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ketamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), has demonstrated promise in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, addiction, and treatment-resistant depression. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PP) represents a unique psychopharmacological model that leverages the profound effects of the psychedelic experience. That experience is characterized by strong dependency on two key factors: participant mindset and the therapeutic environment. As such, therapeutic models that utilize psychedelics reflect the need for careful design that promotes an open, flexible, trusting mindset and a supportive setting. To meet this need, the PP model is increasingly supplemented by auxiliary methods, including meditation, relaxation, visualization or spiritual practices. We suggest virtual reality (VR) as a full-spectrum tool able to capitalize on and catalyze the innately therapeutic aspects of the psychedelic experience, such as detachment from familiar reality, alteration of self-experience, augmentation of sensory perception and induction of mystical-type experiences. This is facilitated by VR\u2019s evidenced capacity to: aid relaxation and reduce anxiety; buffer from external stimuli; promote a mindful presence; train the mind to achieve altered states of consciousness (ASC); evoke mystical states; enhance therapeutic alliance and encourage self-efficacy. While these unique VR features appear promising, VR\u2019s potential role in PP remains speculative due to lack of empirical evidence on the combined use of VR and PP. Given the increased commercial interest in this synergy there is an urgent need to evaluate this approach. We suggest specific VR models and their role within PP protocols to inspire future direction in scientific research, and provide a list of potential disadvantages, side effects and limitations that need to be carefully considered. These include sensory overstimulation, cyber-sickness, triggering memories of past traumatic events as well as distracting from the inner experience or strongly influencing its contents. A balanced, evidence-based approach may provide continuity across all phases of treatment, support transition into and out of an ASC, deepen acute ASC experiences including mystical states and enrich the psychotherapeutic process of integration. We conclude that the potential application of VR in modulating psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy demands further exploration and an evidence-based approach to both design and implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.813746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T08:48:26Z","timestamp":1646383706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Virtual Reality as a Moderator of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka D.","family":"Sekula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanth","family":"Puspanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320948356","article-title":"Psychedelics and virtual reality: parallels and applications.","volume":"10","author":"Aday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(03)00098-3","article-title":"Visual-vestibular conflict induced by virtual reality in humans.","volume":"340","author":"Akiduki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B3","author":"Baer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches: Clinician\u2019s Guide to Evidence base and Applications."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/03069880902957064","article-title":"An adaptive display to treat stress-related disorders: EMMA\u2019s World.","volume":"37","author":"Ba\u00f1os","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Guid. Couns."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2017_474","article-title":"Classic hallucinogens and mystical experiences: phenomenology and neural correlates","author":"Barrett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4981-x","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: effects on cognition.","volume":"235","author":"Barrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01238","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative features of music reported to support peak mystical experiences during psychedelic therapy sessions.","volume":"8","author":"Barrett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253779","article-title":"Altered states phenomena induced by visual flicker light stimulation.","volume":"16","author":"Bartossek","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.04.001","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD symptoms after a road accident: an uncontrolled case series.","volume":"38","author":"Beck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2020.22.2\/lvalmaggia","article-title":"Virtual reality as a clinical tool in mental health research and practice.","volume":"22","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.02.018","article-title":"Psychedelics: where we are now, why we got here, what we must do.","volume":"142","author":"Belouin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2007.09.002","article-title":"Drumming through trauma: music therapy with post-traumatic soldiers.","volume":"35","author":"Bensimon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arts Psychother."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229067","article-title":"Self-reported negative outcomes of psilocybin users: a quantitative textual analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Bienemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ColumbianCC.2016.7750788","article-title":"Influence of a BCI neurofeedback videogame in children with ADHD. Quantifying the brain activity through an EEG signal processing dedicated toolbox","author":"Bland\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 11th Colombian Computing Conference (CCC)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00773","article-title":"Using virtual reality exposure therapy to enhance treatment of anxiety disorders: identifying areas of clinical adoption and potential obstacles.","volume":"10","author":"Boeldt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144","article-title":"Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study.","volume":"29","author":"Bogenschutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B17","author":"Bounds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Benzodiazepines."},{"key":"B18","author":"Bourzat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Consciousness Medicine: Indigenous Wisdom, Entheogens, and Expanded States of Consciousness for Healing and Growth."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120959637","article-title":"Pivotal mental states.","volume":"35","author":"Brouwer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B20","article-title":"\u201cMeeting the medicine halfway\u201d: ayahuasca ceremony leaders\u2019 perspectives on preparation and integration practices for participants.","volume":"61","author":"Callon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Human. Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116662634","article-title":"Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: acute and enduring positive and negative consequences.","volume":"30","author":"Carbonaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.84","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs: past, present, and future.","volume":"42","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119598109","article-title":"Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin.","volume":"109","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002901","article-title":"The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).","volume":"46","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032994","article-title":"Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression.","volume":"384","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754710","article-title":"Psychedelics and the essential importance of context.","volume":"32","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2011.07.003","article-title":"Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.","volume":"30","author":"Carod-Artal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1697-2600(14)70032-8","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment and antidepressants combined with virtual reality exposure for patients with chronic agoraphobia.","volume":"14","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Towards empathic neurofeedback for interactive storytelling","author":"Cavazza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-019-00380-2","article-title":"A virtual reality approach to mindfulness skills training.","volume":"24","author":"Chandrasiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/hum0000098","article-title":"Awe:\u201cMore than a feeling\u201d.","volume":"46","author":"Chirico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human. Psychol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01242-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of immersive videos in inducing awe: an experimental study.","volume":"7","author":"Chirico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01766","article-title":"The potential of virtual reality for the investigation of awe.","volume":"7","author":"Chirico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02086","article-title":"The past, present, and future of virtual and augmented reality research: a network and cluster analysis of the literature.","volume":"9","author":"Cipresso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B35","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Re-Turning to Wholeness: The Psycho-Spiritual Integration Process of Ayahuasca Ceremonies in Western Participants From a Jungian Perspctive."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"102","article-title":"Flow, altered states of consciousness, and human evolution.","volume":"25","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Conscious. Stud."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617721000655","article-title":"Two immersive virtual reality tasks for the assessment of spatial orientation in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: concurrent validity, group comparison, and accuracy results.","volume":"27","author":"da Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-1","article-title":"The efficacy of playing a virtual reality game in modulating pain for children with acute burn injuries: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN87413556].","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.004","article-title":"Psychological flexibility mediates the relations between acute psychedelic effects and subjective decreases in depression and anxiety.","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Contextual Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B40","author":"Difede","year":"2016","journal-title":"Enhancing Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Virtual Reality and Imaginal Exposure With a Cognitive Enhancer."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979351","article-title":"The standardized psychometric assessment of altered states of consciousness (ASCs) in humans.","volume":"31","author":"Dittrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06009-x","article-title":"Psychedelics as an emerging novel intervention in the treatment of substance use disorder: a review.","volume":"47","author":"DiVito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018214108","article-title":"Glucocorticoids enhance extinction-based psychotherapy.","volume":"108","author":"Dominique","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.046169","article-title":"Virtual reality for the treatment of anxiety disorders: a scoping review.","volume":"75","author":"Donnelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.171","article-title":"MDMA impairs both the encoding and retrieval of emotional recollections.","volume":"43","author":"Doss","year":"","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617749534","article-title":"The dark side of context: context reinstatement can distort memory.","volume":"29","author":"Doss","year":"","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.08.007","article-title":"\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol during encoding impairs perceptual details yet spares context effects on episodic memory.","volume":"5","author":"Doss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"B48","author":"Du Toit","year":"1977","journal-title":"Drugs, Rituals and Altered States of Consciousness."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02132","article-title":"Can simulator sickness be avoided? A review on temporal aspects of simulator sickness.","volume":"9","author":"Du\u017cma\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/mtp\/24.1.54","article-title":"Calm waves: a music-assisted relaxation and imagery experience, including a mental trip to a calm and inviting ocean beach.","volume":"24","author":"Erich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Music Ther. Perspect."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"RA23","article-title":"The therapeutic use of the relaxation response in stress-related diseases.","volume":"9","author":"Esch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monitor"},{"key":"B52","author":"Ewalt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Defying Reality: The Inside Story of the Virtual Reality Revolution."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm030","article-title":"Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference.","volume":"2","author":"Farb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00064","article-title":"Human-avatar symbiosis for the treatment of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia through virtual\/augmented reality and brain-computer interfaces.","volume":"11","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caballero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316556238.007","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging of psychedelic experience: an overview of psychological and neural effects and their relevance to research on creativity, daydreaming, and dreaming","author":"Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of the Neuroscience of Creativity"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00943","article-title":"Therapeutic use of LSD in psychiatry: a systematic review of randomized-controlled clinical trials.","volume":"10","author":"Fuentes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137496058","author":"Gallagher","year":"2015","journal-title":"A Neurophenomenology of Awe and Wonder: Towards a Non-Reductionist Cognitive Science."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9962","article-title":"Comparing acceptance and refusal rates of virtual reality exposure vs. in vivo exposure by patients with specific phobias.","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Palacios","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473708666150107121331","article-title":"Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction.","volume":"7","author":"Garcia-Romeu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Abuse Rev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000084","article-title":"Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review.","volume":"24","author":"Garcia-Romeu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.7271","article-title":"Virtual reality as an adjunct home therapy in chronic pain management: an exploratory study.","volume":"5","author":"Garrett","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2190\/FTUU-GLC5-GBT8-9RUW","article-title":"Explorations in virtual reality: absorption, cognition and altered state of consciousness.","volume":"17","author":"Glicksohn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Imagin. Cogn. Pers."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"49","article-title":"From trance to transcendence: a neurocognitive approach.","volume":"32","author":"Glicksohn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mind Behav."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376649","article-title":"Isness: using multi-person VR to design peak mystical type experiences comparable to psychedelics","author":"Glowacki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17571","article-title":"Virtual reality smartphone-based intervention for smoking cessation: pilot randomized controlled trial on initial clinical efficacy and adherence.","volume":"22","author":"Goldenhersch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(99)80686-5","article-title":"Hallucinogenic drug induced states resemble acute endogenous psychoses: results of an empirical study.","volume":"13","author":"Gouzoulis-Mayfrank","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1998.10399713","article-title":"A method of conducting therapeutic sessions with MDMA.","volume":"30","author":"Greer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","article-title":"Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial.","volume":"30","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117731279","article-title":"Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors.","volume":"32","author":"Griffiths","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0457-5","article-title":"Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance.","volume":"187","author":"Griffiths","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B71","author":"Grinspoon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/u6v9y","article-title":"The Yale manual for psilocybin-assisted therapy of depression (Using acceptance and commitment therapy as a therapeutic frame).","author":"Guss","year":"2020","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02082","article-title":"The principles of art therapy in virtual reality [Perspective].","volume":"9","author":"Hacmun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897","article-title":"Predicting responses to psychedelics: a prospective study.","volume":"9","author":"Haijen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000615","article-title":"The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (n.d.): new tools to assess nondual traits and states of consciousness occurring within and beyond the context of meditation.","volume":"30","author":"Hanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050324516683325","article-title":"Constructing drug effects: a history of set and setting.","volume":"3","author":"Hartogsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Sci. Policy Law"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00038","article-title":"Effects of meditation experience on functional connectivity of distributed brain networks.","volume":"6","author":"Hasenkamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1474185","article-title":"Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.","volume":"30","author":"Hendricks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9248-7","article-title":"Virtual reality as an adjunctive non-pharmacologic analgesic for acute burn pain during medical procedures.","volume":"41","author":"Hoffman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318164d2cc","article-title":"Virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement in the hydrotank.","volume":"24","author":"Hoffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"B81","author":"Hofmann","year":"1980","journal-title":"LSD: My Problem Child. Psychedelic Reflections."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(85)90074-0","article-title":"Effects of hallucinogens in humans","author":"Hollister","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hal. lucinogens: Neurochemical. Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives"},{"key":"B83","first-page":"179","article-title":"Relationships between meditation depth, absorption, meditation practice, and mindfulness: a latent variable approach.","volume":"38","author":"H\u00f6lzel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Transpers. Psychol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004496170","author":"Hood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dimensions of Mystical Experiences: Empirical Studies and Psychological Links"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/11132-000","author":"Hubble","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Heart and Soul of Change: What Works in Therapy."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-020-01308-7","article-title":"Assessing perceived barriers to meditation: the determinants of meditation practice inventory-revised (DMPI-R).","volume":"11","author":"Hunt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3449358","article-title":"Augmented virtual reality meditation: shared dyadic biofeedback increases social presence via respiratory synchrony.","volume":"4","author":"J\u00e4rvel\u00e4","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Soc. Comput."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108093587","article-title":"Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety.","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.029","article-title":"Psilocybin dose-dependently causes delayed, transient headaches in healthy volunteers.","volume":"123","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114548296","article-title":"Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction.","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2021.00155","article-title":"Day trip to hell: a mixed methods study of challenging psychedelic experiences.","volume":"5","author":"Johnstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"B92","author":"Kabat-Zinn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life."},{"key":"B93","author":"Kaelen","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Psychological and Human Brain Effects of Music in Combination with Psychedelic Drugs."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4820-5","article-title":"The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy.","volume":"235","author":"Kaelen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/07421656.2019.1659662","article-title":"Virtual reality in art therapy: a pilot qualitative study of the novel medium and implications for practice.","volume":"37","author":"Kaimal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Art Ther."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.589461","article-title":"Outcomes of visual self-expression in virtual reality on psychosocial well-being with the inclusion of a fragrance stimulus: a pilot mixed-methods study [Original Research].","volume":"11","author":"Kaimal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.623985","article-title":"Psychedelic communitas: intersubjective experience during psychedelic group sessions predicts enduring changes in psychological wellbeing and social connectedness.","volume":"12","author":"Kettner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/07421656.2019.1649549","article-title":"Practical applications of neuroscience-informed art therapy.","volume":"36","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Art Ther."},{"key":"B99","author":"Kotler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stealing Fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy SEALs, and Maverick Scientists are Revolutionizing the Way We Live and Work."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14607","article-title":"Immersive virtual reality vs. non-immersive distraction for pain management of children during bone pins and sutures removal: a randomized clinical trial protocol.","volume":"77","author":"Le May","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153126","article-title":"Altered states of consciousness during an extreme ritual.","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.1883","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality-based training and task-oriented training on balance performance in stroke patients.","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1171","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effect of training in relaxation and guided imagery techniques in improving psychological and quality-of-life indices for gynecologic and breast brachytherapy patients.","volume":"16","author":"Le\u00f3n-Pizarro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200303000-00007","article-title":"Clonazepam treatment of lysergic acid diethylamide-induced hallucinogen persisting perception disorder with anxiety features.","volume":"18","author":"Lerner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01560","article-title":"Enhanced attention using head-mounted virtual reality.","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00998852","article-title":"Relaxation practice after biofeedback therapy: a long-term follow-up study of utilization and effectiveness.","volume":"8","author":"Libo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self Regul."},{"key":"B107","author":"Lilly","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Centre of the Cyclone: An Autobiography of Inner Space."},{"key":"B108","first-page":"87","article-title":"The relaxing effect of virtual nature: immersive technology provides relief in acute stress situations.","volume":"16","author":"Liszio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cyberther. Telemed."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1966.01730150001001","article-title":"Altered states of consciousness.","volume":"15","author":"Ludwig","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1769878","article-title":"A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy.","volume":"52","author":"Luoma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31822192e2","article-title":"Virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement of combat-related burn injuries using robot-like arm mounted VR goggles.","author":"Maani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111420188","article-title":"Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness.","volume":"25","author":"MacLean","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2012.01685.x","article-title":"Factor analysis of the mystical experience questionnaire: a study of experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin.","volume":"51","author":"MacLean","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sci. Study Religion"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114568040","article-title":"Peak experiences and the afterglow phenomenon: when and how do therapeutic effects of hallucinogens depend on psychedelic experiences?","volume":"29","author":"Maji\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-41","article-title":"Relaxation training for anxiety: a ten-years systematic review with meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Manzoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000138","article-title":"The use of virtual reality technology in the treatment of anxiety and other psychiatric disorders.","volume":"25","author":"Maples-Keller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003154068","author":"McMahon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virtual Reality Therapy for Anxiety: A Guide for Therapists."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(91)90030-E","article-title":"Altered states of consciousness therapy: a missing component in alcohol and drug rehabilitation treatment.","volume":"8","author":"McPeake","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"B119","first-page":"1","article-title":"Addiction and transcendence as altered states of consciousness.","volume":"26","author":"Metzner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Transpers. Psychol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000329454","article-title":"Does yohimbine hydrochloride facilitate fear extinction in virtual reality treatment of fear of flying? A randomized placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"81","author":"Meyerbroeker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"B121","first-page":"247","article-title":"Therapeutic processes in virtual reality exposure therapy: the role of cognitions and the therapeutic alliance.","volume":"1","author":"Meyerbr\u00f6ker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cyberther. Rehabil."},{"key":"B122","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"A Manual for MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05249-5","article-title":"MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.","volume":"236","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/VAR4GOOD.2018.8576882","article-title":"Employing synergistic interactions of virtual reality and psychedelics in neuropsychopharmacology","author":"Moroz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Workshop on Augmented and Virtual Realities for Good (VAR4Good)"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00055","article-title":"Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention with and without virtual reality dialectical behavior therapy\u00ae mindfulness skills training for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: a pilot study.","volume":"10","author":"Navarro-Haro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B126","author":"Neitzke-Spruill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integrating the Ineffable: A Social Phenomenological Analysis of the Psychedelic Experience."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011478","article-title":"Psychedelics.","volume":"68","author":"Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-6870(02)00020-0","article-title":"Health and safety implications of virtual reality: a review of empirical evidence.","volume":"33","author":"Nichols","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2018.009","article-title":"The influence of therapists\u2019 first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training.","volume":"2","author":"Nielson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.699383","article-title":"The effects of virtual reality on procedural pain and anxiety in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Nordg\u00e5rd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Virtual Real."},{"key":"B131","article-title":"Evaluation of virtual reality games: simulator sickness and human factors","author":"Norman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the GHItaly18: 2nd Workshop on Games-Human Interaction, May 29th, 2018, Castiglione della Pescaia"},{"key":"B132","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quest 2: Health &amp; Safety.California, United States: Author."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2014.10.011","article-title":"Improving adherence and biomedical markers in hemodialysis patients: the effects of relaxation therapy.","volume":"23","author":"Pasyar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00034","article-title":"Combining psychedelic and mindfulness interventions: synergies to inform clinical practice.","volume":"4","author":"Payne","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"B135","first-page":"5","article-title":"The effects of a treatment based on the use of virtual reality exposure and cognitive-behavioral therapy applied to patients with agoraphobia.","volume":"8","author":"Pe\u00d2ate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23024-5_33","article-title":"A study of meditation effectiveness for virtual reality based stress therapy using EEG measurement and questionnaire approaches","author":"Perhakaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare 2015"},{"key":"B137","article-title":"Emotion visualization in Virtual Reality: an integrative review.","author":"Pinilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.694610","article-title":"The effectiveness of self-guided virtual-reality exposure therapy for public-speaking anxiety.","volume":"12","author":"Premkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-018-0372-1","article-title":"Testing the effectiveness of virtual reality as a defusion technique for coping with unwanted thoughts.","volume":"23","author":"Prudenzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"B140","article-title":"Technology in psychotherapy: strengths and limitations","author":"Przeworski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handbook of Technology in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neurology: Theory, Research, and Practice"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02158","article-title":"Are you awed yet? How virtual reality gives us awe and goose bumps.","volume":"9","author":"Quesnel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-021-06361-x","article-title":"Brief relaxation training is associated with long-term endocrine therapy adherence among women with breast cancer: post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"190","author":"Ream","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010035","article-title":"Psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.","volume":"177","author":"Reiff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0467-0","article-title":"Virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders: a phase-2 clinical trial.","volume":"17","author":"Repetto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"B145","article-title":"The use of biofeedback in clinical virtual reality: the INTREPID project.","volume":"33","author":"Repetto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199936060-00003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic optimisation of benzodiazepine therapy for acute seizures.","volume":"36","author":"Rey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02110-z","article-title":"Virtual reality relaxation for the general population: a systematic review.","volume":"56","author":"Riches","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.29099.gri","article-title":"Neuroscience of virtual reality: from virtual exposure to embodied medicine.","volume":"22","author":"Riva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66192-6_27","article-title":"Virtual reality applications for the assessment and treatment of PTSD","author":"Rizzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handbook of Military Psychology"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00974","article-title":"Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.","volume":"8","author":"Roseman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v62n0808","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"62","author":"Rothbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.687615","article-title":"Ceremonial ayahuasca in amazonian retreats\u2014mental health and epigenetic outcomes from a six-month naturalistic study.","volume":"12","author":"Ruffell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00096","article-title":"Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Saredakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2010.07.007","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of immersive virtual reality analgesia, during physical therapy for pediatric burns.","volume":"37","author":"Schmitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16106","article-title":"Understanding how virtual reality can support mindfulness practice: mixed methods study.","volume":"22","author":"Seabrook","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199252923.001.0001","author":"Shanon","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20602","article-title":"The integration of mindfulness and psychology.","volume":"65","author":"Shapiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50612-3","article-title":"Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.","volume":"9","author":"Smigielski","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009","article-title":"Psilocybin-assisted mindfulness training modulates self-consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects.","volume":"196","author":"Smigielski","year":"","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.620","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy for the treatment of alcohol dependence: a preliminary investigation with positron emission tomography\/computerized tomography.","volume":"76","author":"Son","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2020.10.006","article-title":"Large effects of brief meditation intervention on EEG spectra in meditation novices.","volume":"9","author":"Stapleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"IBRO Rep."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdigh.2019.00007","article-title":"Space\u2014a virtual frontier: how to design and evaluate a virtual reality experience of the overview effect.","volume":"6","author":"Stepanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Digital Human."},{"key":"B163","author":"Strassman","year":"2000","journal-title":"DMT: The Spirit Molecule: A Doctor\u2019s Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near-Death and Mystical Experiences."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110382466","article-title":"Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies.","volume":"25","author":"Studerus","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16316-2","article-title":"A deep-dream virtual reality platform for studying altered perceptual phenomenology.","volume":"7","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01280","article-title":"Virtual reality for anxiety reduction demonstrated by quantitative EEG: a pilot study.","volume":"9","author":"Tarrant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.01.006","article-title":"Utilizing multi-user virtual reality to bring clinical therapy into stroke survivors\u2019 homes.","volume":"33","author":"Thielbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"B168","article-title":"Solar system sonification: exploring earth and its neighbors through sound","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Auditory Display"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/eb.s233195","article-title":"Concern of photosensitive seizures evoked by 3D video displays or virtual reality headsets in children: current perspective.","volume":"12","author":"Tychsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.1.98","article-title":"Psychobiology of altered states of consciousness.","volume":"131","author":"Vaitl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B171","author":"Valtchanov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiological and Affective Responses to Immersion in Virtual Reality: Effects of Nature and Urban Settings."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1998.0520s5S97.x","article-title":"Trauma and memory.","volume":"52","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17233","article-title":"Virtual reality relaxation for patients with a psychiatric disorder: crossover randomized controlled trial [Original Paper].","volume":"23","author":"Veling","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2884","article-title":"The neurobiology of psychedelic drugs: implications for the treatment of mood disorders.","volume":"11","author":"Vollenweider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.02.006","article-title":"Effects of varied doses of psilocybin on time interval reproduction in human subjects.","volume":"435","author":"Wackermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.12.004","article-title":"The use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy.","volume":"15","author":"Watts","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Contextual Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00158","article-title":"Presence and cybersickness in virtual reality are negatively related: a review.","volume":"10","author":"Weech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190671181.001.0001","author":"Weinel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inner Sound: Altered States of Consciousness in Electronic Music and Audio-Visual Media."},{"key":"B179","article-title":"A systematic review of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for mental health: an evaluation of the current wave of research and suggestions for the future.","volume":"7","author":"Wheeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Conscious. Theory Res. Pract."},{"key":"B180","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Maps of Narrative Practice."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0207","article-title":"Virtual reality as a distraction technique in chronic pain patients.","volume":"17","author":"Wiederhold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.737738","article-title":"Translating psychedelic therapies from clinical trials to community clinics: building bridges and addressing potential challenges ahead [Perspective].","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0071","article-title":"Soldier attitudes about technology-based approaches to mental health care.","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.619890","article-title":"The evolved psychology of psychedelic set and setting: inferences regarding the roles of shamanism and entheogenic ecopsychology.","volume":"12","author":"Winkelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106065859","article-title":"Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans.","volume":"21","author":"Wittmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B186","article-title":"How technology influences the therapeutic process: a comparative field evaluation of augmented reality and in vivo exposure therapy for phobia of small animals","author":"Wrzesien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5119-x","article-title":"The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"236","author":"Yanakieva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9121729","article-title":"The efficacy of a virtual reality-based mindfulness intervention","author":"Yildirim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2020.126863","article-title":"Restorative effects of virtual natural settings on middle-aged and elderly adults.","volume":"56","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.813746\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T11:18:56Z","timestamp":1700306336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.813746\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"references-count":189,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.813746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.813746","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"article-number":"813746"}}