{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:59:02Z","timestamp":1764305942518,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A co-creation values consumers\u2019 input as its primary crust in informing businesses on current consumer needs. More importantly, it would be the next shape in future demands of consumers in business sustainability. This paper addressed this context, narrowing its scope in investigating the voices of stakeholders on what would be the essential aspects of the present and future youth qualities in achieving sustainable well-being in the present trend. The findings would be essentially helpful for the youth and the business world to understand the aspects of good youth development, which would shape the next fabric of consumerism. Self-potential development of the youth is vital in achieving excellent life quality and the youth\u2019s well-being in Malaysia. However, the increase in challenges faced by today\u2019s youth is inconsistent with a decline of the group\u2019s well-being. There are various studies and interventions implemented to overcome the youth situation. However, there is still in need for a model that can guide the holistic development of youth self-potential. The purpose of this study is to build a sustainable and comprehensive model of the self-potential development of the youth, which can be integrated with all of the self-potential indicators of the youth <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> a co-creation process. This study used the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) on the proposed elements in the development model and systematically analyzed them using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to create the development model. The method capitalized 10 stakeholders from various youth development backgrounds in developing the model. The model consists of 25 sub-indicators (SIs, elements) that are divided into five indicators. The model findings show that one of the most driving indicators is an entrepreneurial mindset among youth, followed by the other indicators of youth self-potential development. The model also shows that the civic-mindedness indicator is the output of youth self-potential that will surface at an end of the development. The model will guide the authorized body on the priority elements that can systematically and strategically improve youth self-potential to meet future challenges with youth aspirations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T15:47:04Z","timestamp":1646927224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Co-creation on Redefining Consumer Well-Being Needs Among Youth Through Self-Potential Development Model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Umair","family":"Zulkefli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd Nuri Al-Amin","family":"Endut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"Gazing Into the Oracle: The Delphi Method and Its Application to Social Policy and Public Health.","year":"1996","author":"Adler","key":"B1"},{"journal-title":"Development of Socio-Religious Harmony Index Instrument for Malaysia.","year":"2018","author":"Ahmad Yusoff","key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/yd.20110","article-title":"From context to outcomes: a thriving model for 4-H youth development programs.","volume":"6","author":"Arnold","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hum. Sci. Extens."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S144526","article-title":"Establishing community-based integrated care for elderly patients through interprofessional teamwork: a qualitative analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Asakawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Multidiscip. Healthc."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach: an overview.","volume":"2","author":"Attri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. J. Manag. Sci."},{"journal-title":"What Is Self-Potential and How Does It Relate To Personal Intelligence?","year":"2016","author":"Barlow","key":"B6"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570510581862","article-title":"Sustainability: the elusive element of process improvement.","volume":"25","author":"Bateman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"journal-title":"All Kids are Our Kids: What Communities Must do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents.","year":"2006","author":"Benson","key":"B8"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1459-6_5","article-title":"The scientific foundations of youth development","author":"Benson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends in Youth Development"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(96)01358-x","article-title":"The definition and preliminary measurement of thriving in adolescence.","volume":"4","author":"Benson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470147658.chpsy0116","article-title":"Positive youth development: theory, research, and applications","author":"Benson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handbook of Child Psychology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740510603619","article-title":"Using interpretive structural modelling in strategic decision-making groups.","volume":"43","author":"Bola\u00f1os","year":"2005","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106191","article-title":"Improvements in multi-metric index development using a whole-index approach.","volume":"113","author":"Bolding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 ideas about social and civic responsibility","author":"Bowes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceeings of the 9th Australasian Human Development Conference"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"60","author":"Bressler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Journal of Entrepreneurship"},{"journal-title":"The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education Programmes on the Mindset of South African Youth.","year":"2016","author":"Bux","key":"B16"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.74.3.048","article-title":"Is customer participation in value creation a double-edged sword? Evidence from professional financial services across cultures.","volume":"74","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pembangunan kepimpinan belia di Malaysia: cabaran dan harapan","author":"Cheah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seminar Teknologi Multimedia &amp; Komunikasi 2019"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00280-6","article-title":"Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy decision theory with linguistic criteria evaluation.","volume":"142","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0555-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of positive youth development interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"46","author":"Ciocanel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"journal-title":"The Nature and Nurture of Giftedness: A New Framework for Understanding Gifted Education.","year":"2010","author":"Dai","key":"B21"},{"key":"B22","article-title":"Giftedness in the making: the \u201cbeing\u201d and \u201cdoing\u201d of talent development and creativity","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Esther Katz Rosen Lecture at the APA Convention"},{"journal-title":"Department of Statistics, Malaysia Official Website.","year":"2015","key":"B23"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.5465\/amp.2017.0056","article-title":"Adapting to grand environmental challenges through collective entrepreneurship.","volume":"33","author":"Doh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.3993","article-title":"Different modelling purposes.","volume":"22","author":"Edmonds","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"1","article-title":"The direct teaching of thinking in education and the CoRT method","author":"Edward","year":"1991","journal-title":"Learning to Think: Thinking to Learn"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/caim.12225","article-title":"Fostering creativity through critical thinking: the case of business start-up simulations.","volume":"26","author":"Eggers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Creat. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1287\/stsc.2017.0045","article-title":"Superior strategy in entrepreneurial settings: thinking, doing, and the logic of opportunity.","volume":"2","author":"Eisenhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strategy Sci."},{"journal-title":"Childhood and Society","year":"1993","author":"Erikson","key":"B29"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4236\/JSS.2020.82008","article-title":"Value co-creation: a literature review.","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open J. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1108\/ET-01-2016-0019","article-title":"Predicting entrepreneurial motivation among university students: the role of entrepreneurship education.","volume":"58","author":"Farhangmehr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educ. Train."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2162-6057.1970.tb00847.x","article-title":"Developing creative thinking: the purdue creativity program.","volume":"4","author":"Feldhusen","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Creat. Behav."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(98)00049-6","article-title":"Capturing learning and applying knowledge: an investigation of the use of innovation teams in Japanese and American automotive firms.","volume":"47","author":"Forrester","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351112673-2","article-title":"Common sense in the government of youth and sex","author":"Grealy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Youth, Technology, Governance, Experience"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.6-7.466","article-title":"Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning.","volume":"58","author":"Greenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"journal-title":"The Nordic School-Service Marketing and Management for the Future.","year":"2015","author":"Gummerus","key":"B36"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/14623940500220277","article-title":"Mentoring the beginning teacher: developing professional autonomy through critical reflection on practice.","volume":"6","author":"Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reflective Pract."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of fuzzy Delphi approach determining element in technical skills among students towards the electrical engineering industry needs.","volume":"25","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. Humanit."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2009.12.007","article-title":"A leadership program in an undergraduate nursing course in Western Australia: building leaders in our midst.","volume":"30","author":"Hendricks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of youth development programmes in Cape Town: a case study of the Chrysalis Academy, Lavender Hill (2007-2017).","volume":"1","author":"Hoaeane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Duke Law J."},{"key":"B41","first-page":"7","article-title":"Community youth development: a framework for action.","volume":"1","author":"Hughes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Commun. Youth Dev. J."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"55","article-title":"ON SOME OF THE MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ENTREPRENEURSHIP.","volume":"7","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Econ. Manag. Financ. Mark."},{"journal-title":"National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017: Key findings from the Adolescent Health and Nutrition Surveys \u2013 Infographic Booklet April 2018. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017 Overview Report, (April), 29.","year":"2018","key":"B43"},{"journal-title":"Sistem Ydata @IYRES.","year":"2019","key":"B44"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/10640269808251248","article-title":"A media literacy program for high school females.","volume":"6","author":"Irving","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(93)90251-C","article-title":"The max-min Delphi method and fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration.","volume":"55","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"journal-title":"Facts","year":"2018","key":"B47"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5019553","article-title":"Analysis of sustainable leadership for science learning management in the 21st Century under education THAILAND 4.0 framework","volume":"30062","author":"Jedaman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1108\/17508611111156600","article-title":"A conceptual model for social entrepreneurship directed toward social impact on society.","volume":"7","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Enterp. J."},{"journal-title":"Mesyuarat Perkembangan Model Baharu Pembangunan Belia 2021 \u2013 2030 | Majlis Belia Malaysia.","year":"2021","author":"Joha","key":"B50"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.01.023","article-title":"Building learning cultures in the child welfare workforce.","volume":"99","author":"Julien-Chinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10640260008251208","article-title":"An elementary school project for developing healthy body image and reducing risk factors for unhealthy and disordered eating.","volume":"8","author":"Kater","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244020956976","article-title":"The effect of youth entrepreneurship education programs: two large-scale experimental studies.","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Positive youth development and youth learning as enablers in youth leadership Programme.","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malays. J. Youth Stud."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479193","author":"Lerner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handbook of Adolescent Psychology."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.07.001","article-title":"Exploring cultural differences in critical thinking: is it about my thinking style or the language I speak?","volume":"20","author":"Lun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/568272","article-title":"Behavioral competence as a positive youth development construct: a conceptual review.","volume":"2012","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/287472","article-title":"Social competence as a positive youth development construct: a conceptual review.","volume":"2012","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"journal-title":"Toward a Psychology of Being.","year":"2013","author":"Maslow","key":"B59"},{"journal-title":"A Memorial Volume.","year":"1972","author":"Maslow","key":"B60"},{"key":"B61","first-page":"79","article-title":"Enhanced critical thinking skills through problem solving games.","volume":"13","author":"Mcdonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Second. Sch."},{"key":"B62","first-page":"135","article-title":"Aplikasi teknik Fuzzy Delphi terhadap keperluan elemen keusahawanan bagi pensyarah kejuruteraan Politeknik Malaysia.","volume":"5","author":"Mohd Ridhuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Technopreneurship"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/0162353219897844","article-title":"Life purpose in youth: turning potential into a lifelong pursuit of prosocial contribution*.","volume":"43","author":"Moran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Educ. Gifted"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.29333\/iji.2020.1317a","article-title":"Community multicultural integration pattern in environment-based learning.","volume":"13","author":"Munardji, Kholis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Instr."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.02.027","article-title":"Continuity of care in youth services: a systematic review.","volume":"75","author":"Naert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.01.039","article-title":"Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions among youths in Vietnam.","volume":"99","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2016.12.004","article-title":"Exploring entrepreneurial readiness of youth and startup success components: entrepreneurship training as a moderator.","volume":"2","author":"Olugbola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Innov. Knowl."},{"key":"B68","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Developing a conceptual framework on ecopreneurs and sustainability using ISM and MICMAC methodology.","volume":"15","author":"Panackal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-007-0070-0","article-title":"Managing the co-creation of value.","volume":"36","author":"Payne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"39","article-title":"Community youth development: a partnership for action.","volume":"11","author":"Perkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sch. Commun. J."},{"key":"B71","first-page":"100","article-title":"Innovating for shared value.","volume":"91","author":"Pfitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410701591392","article-title":"Unifying different theories of learning: theoretical framework and empirical evidence.","volume":"28","author":"Phan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2004.00078.x","article-title":"With adolescents in Primary, secondary, and tertiary.","volume":"17","author":"Rindner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-12-2010-0637","article-title":"Exploring consumers\u2019 motivations to engage in innovation through co-creation activities.","volume":"48","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mark."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1353\/jhe.2014.0014","article-title":"Fostering meaning, purpose, and enduring commitments to community service in college: a multidimensional conceptual model.","volume":"85","author":"Rockenbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. High. Educ."},{"key":"B76","first-page":"20","article-title":"The design of video games in the implementation of Malay language learning among foreign students in an institution of higher learning.","volume":"3","author":"Rosman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malays. Online J. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.22452\/mojem.vol7no3.5","article-title":"A model for youth entrepreneurship skills of the community-based leadership training for the urban youth in China.","volume":"7","author":"Sai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malays. Online J. Educ. Manag."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2020.1836728","article-title":"Does entrepreneurial education matter for Indonesian students\u2019 entrepreneurial preparation: the mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset and knowledge.","volume":"7","author":"Saptono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogent Educ."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9578-6","article-title":"Adolescent thriving: the role of sparks, relationships, and empowerment.","volume":"40","author":"Scales","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167211400424","article-title":"Feeling like you know who you are: perceived true self-knowledge and meaning in life.","volume":"37","author":"Schlegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9455-3","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences.","volume":"39","author":"Scull","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"journal-title":"Thinking and Learning Skills I: Relating Instruction to Research","year":"1985","author":"Segal","key":"B82"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPMB.2017.080939","article-title":"Youth and sustainable development - Overview, theoretical framework and further research directions.","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Process Manag. Benchmarking"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/17509653.2008.10671042","article-title":"Knowledge management barriers: an interpretive structural modeling approach.","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Sci. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2004.00002.x","article-title":"Contemporary models of youth development and problem prevention: toward an integration of terms, concepts, and models.","volume":"53","author":"Small","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"B86","first-page":"4","article-title":"The development of Civic mindedness in Austrlian adolescents.","volume":"57","author":"Smart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fam. Matters Aust. Inst. Fam. Stud."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1971.29.2.395","article-title":"Evaluation of components of the purdue creative.","volume":"29","author":"Speedie","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"journal-title":"Malaysia \u2013 Youth Unemployment Rate 2009-2019 | Statista.","year":"2020","key":"B88"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/210953","article-title":"Cognitive competence as a positive youth development construct: a conceptual review.","volume":"2012","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"journal-title":"Akta 668. Akta Pertubuhan Belia Dan Pembangunan Belia.","first-page":"1","year":"2007","key":"B90"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/15348431.2016.1229614","article-title":"Cultural competence development, critical service learning, and Latino\/a youth empowerment: a qualitative case study.","volume":"16","author":"Vargas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Latinos Educ."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2008.04.003","article-title":"On value and value co-creation: a service systems and service logic perspective.","volume":"26","author":"Vargo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. J."},{"journal-title":"Structuring Complex Systems, (A Battelle monograph no. 4).","year":"1974","author":"Warfield","key":"B93"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.18776\/tcu\/br\/1\/25","article-title":"A study of the effectiveness of customer co-creation through personalization and customer co-creation through innovation on brand experience.","volume":"1","author":"Werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Boller Rev."},{"journal-title":"Supporting Young People in Europe: Principles, Policy and Practice.","year":"2002","author":"Williamson","key":"B95"},{"journal-title":"Social Capital and Public Policy in Australia.","year":"2000","author":"Winter","key":"B96"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2019.03.003","article-title":"The effects of value co-creation activities on the perceived performance of exhibitions: a service science perspective.","volume":"39","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Manage."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1352.2011.01211.x","article-title":"Inside-Out and outside-in? Global development theory, policy, and youth.","volume":"39","author":"Worthman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethos"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/00221320209598676","article-title":"Thinking styles and cognitive development.","volume":"163","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Genet. Psychol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/20445460","article-title":"Thinking styles and identity development among Chinese university students.","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.04.011","article-title":"Further investigating thinking styles and psychosocial development in the Chinese higher education context.","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21154-7_17","author":"Zu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fostering Social Innovation and Youth Entrepreneurship for the Achievement of the UN 2030 Agenda: The Chinese Way."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814757\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T15:47:52Z","timestamp":1646927272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814757\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814757","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-1078"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"article-number":"814757"}}