{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T17:35:55Z","timestamp":1783186555453,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies suggest that romantic relationships can be beneficial to mental health, but may also be a major stressor depending on specific relationship characteristics. Studies examining the role of romantic relationship in mental health are scarce. This study aimed to investigate differences in mental health with regards to relationship characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed individuals\u2019 mental health, i.e., suicidal ideation (via Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, BSS), depression (via Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), experience of psychological and physical violence, including changes in suicidal ideation and anxiety compared to before the pandemic, and relationship characteristics (i.e., relationship status, satisfaction, and commitment as well as family structure) with online questionnaires in a population-based cross-sectional study with 3,012 respondents in Austria during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were small to medium\u2013sized group differences with regards to relationship status and satisfaction (\u03b7<jats:sub><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 0.011\u20130.056). Most mental health outcomes were less favorable in singles than in individuals in happy relationships, but scores for anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), psychological (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and physical violence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), and the probability of experiencing an increase in anxiety compared to before the pandemic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) were lower in singles as compared to those with low relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, scores for suicidal ideation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.001) and psychological (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.01) and physical violence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.01) were highest in individuals in relationships with low commitment and with a child living in the same household, but effect sizes were small (\u03b7<jats:sub><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 0.004\u20130.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared to singles, mental health appeared worse in individuals with low relationship satisfaction and those in a relationship with low commitment and with a child in the household. Living in a happy relationship was associated with somewhat better mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.857329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T22:07:27Z","timestamp":1651097247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Romantic Relationships and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Till","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Niederkrotenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0502_2","article-title":"Impact of positive and negative aspects of marital relationships and friendships on well-being of older adults.","volume":"5","author":"Antonucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Dev. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/g3vtr","article-title":"Evaluating the practical relevance and significance of observed effect sizes in psychological research.","author":"Anvari","year":"2021","journal-title":"PsyArXiv."},{"key":"B3","year":"2021","journal-title":"School."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030371","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of recent negative life events on suicide attempts.","volume":"122","author":"Bagge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.04.004","article-title":"Temporal effects of separation on suicidal thoughts and behaviours.","volume":"111","author":"Batterham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B6","author":"Beck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation."},{"key":"B7","author":"Biddle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mental Health and Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12133","article-title":"Happy marriage, happy life? Marital quality and subjective well-being in later life.","volume":"76","author":"Carr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0120-7","article-title":"Suicide and marital status in Northern Ireland.","volume":"45","author":"Corcoran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.54.4.454","article-title":"Going beyond social support: the role of social relationships in adaptation.","volume":"54","author":"Coyne","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932a1","article-title":"Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 Pandemic \u2014 United States, June 24\u201330, 2020.","volume":"69","author":"Czeisler","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2012.01423","article-title":"Attachment and the investment model: predictors of relationship commitment, maintenance, and persistence.","volume":"20","author":"Etcheverry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pers. Relatsh."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n722","article-title":"Domestic violence during the pandemic: Healthcare systems have failed to respond adequately despite increased need globally.","volume":"372","author":"Feder","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808","article-title":"An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers.","volume":"40","author":"Ferguson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prof. Psychol. Res. Pr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.22.5.453","article-title":"Marital status and quality in middle-aged women: associations with levels and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors.","volume":"22","author":"Gallo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2307\/351426","article-title":"The contribution of marital happiness to global happiness.","volume":"43","author":"Glenn","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/2136639","article-title":"Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual?","volume":"24","author":"Gove","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00266","article-title":"Impact of relationship status and quality (family type) on the mental health of mothers and their children: a 10-year longitudinal study.","volume":"8","author":"Hannighofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2307\/352430","article-title":"A generic measure of relationship satisfaction.","volume":"50","author":"Hendrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407598151009","article-title":"The relationship assessment scale.","volume":"15","author":"Hendrick","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relat."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-008-9018-y","article-title":"Is there something unique about marriage? the relative impact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health.","volume":"35","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.2307\/585378","article-title":"Love attitudes: similarities between parents and between parents and children.","volume":"43","author":"Inman-Amos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12077","article-title":"Gender differences in marital satisfaction: a meta-analysis.","volume":"76","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373947-6.00593-6","article-title":"Stress of parenting","author":"Jennings","year":"2007","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Stress"},{"key":"B25","author":"Joiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Why People Die by Suicide."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230600998573","article-title":"Do demographics affect marital satisfaction?","volume":"33","author":"Jose","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sex Marital Ther."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315673561-13","article-title":"What\u2019s love got to do with it? Romantic relationships and well-being","author":"Kansky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of Well-Being"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2018.03.016","article-title":"The relationship between domestic violence against women and suicide risk.","volume":"32","author":"Kavak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.003","article-title":"The impact of intimate partner relationships on suicidal thoughts and behaviours: a systematic review.","volume":"190","author":"Kazan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.4.472","article-title":"Marriage and health: his and hers.","volume":"127","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B31","author":"Kliem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Beck-Suizidgedanken-Skala: Deutsche Fassung [Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation: German version]."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203262853","article-title":"Implicit theories of relationships: moderators of the link between conflict and commitment.","volume":"30","author":"Knee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.04.036","article-title":"Fluctuations of suicidality in the aftermath of a marital separation: 6-month follow-up observations.","volume":"142","author":"Kolves","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure.","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12203","article-title":"Prolonged marital stress is associated with short-lived responses to positive stimuli.","volume":"51","author":"Lapate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0559-9","article-title":"Relationship quality and levels of depression and anxiety in a large population-based survey.","volume":"48","author":"Leach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1993.tb00754.x","article-title":"The statistical versus clinical significance debate.","volume":"25","author":"LeFort","year":"1993","journal-title":"Image J. Nurs. Sch."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9471-3","article-title":"The influence of romantic attachment and intimate partner violence on non-suicidal self-injury in young adults.","volume":"39","author":"Levesque","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erap.2021.100668","article-title":"Young women with and without non-suicidal self-injury: a comparison of romantic relationship functioning.","volume":"71","author":"Levesque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.85","article-title":"Suicide categories by patterns of known risk factors: a latent class analysis.","volume":"68","author":"Logan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-007-9266-5","article-title":"Romantic relationships and health: an examination of individuals\u2019 perceptions of their romantic partners\u2019 influences on their health.","volume":"57","author":"Markey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1373-1","article-title":"Long-term effects of mental disorders on marital outcomes in the national comorbidity survey ten-year follow-up.","volume":"52","author":"Mojtabai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242735","article-title":"An examination of validity and reliability of the parental stress scale in a population based sample of Norwegian parents.","volume":"15","author":"Naerde","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.153","article-title":"Mental health over nine months during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic: representative cross-sectional survey in twelve waves between april and december 2020 in Austria.","volume":"296","author":"Niederkrotenthaler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000562","article-title":"Types of stressors on non-professional against-suicide and pro-suicide message boards: content analysis.","volume":"40","author":"Niederkrotenthaler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.212","article-title":"Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental health & wellbeing study.","volume":"218","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.02.024","article-title":"Mental health among older adults in Japan: do sources of social support and negative interaction make a difference?","volume":"59","author":"Okabayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324834BASP2501_2","article-title":"Does level of assessment moderate the relation between social support and social negativity?","volume":"25","author":"Okun","year":"2003","journal-title":"A Meta-Analysis. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12427","article-title":"Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: the role of risk perceptions and depression.","volume":"25","author":"Olagoke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110186","article-title":"The effects of age, gender, income, work and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria.","volume":"136","author":"Pieh","year":"","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238906","article-title":"Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown.","volume":"15","author":"Pieh","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30308-4","article-title":"Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population.","volume":"7","author":"Pierce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3252","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14901","article-title":"Domestic violence and suicide attempts among married women: a case-control study.","volume":"28","author":"Rahmani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.159943","article-title":"Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: clinical versus statistical significance.","volume":"6","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.015","article-title":"The association of relationship quality and social networks with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among older married adults: Findings from a cross-sectional analysis of the Irish longitudinal study on aging (TILDA).","volume":"179","author":"Santini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6811.00034","article-title":"Symptoms of depression, relational quality, and loneliness in dating relationships.","volume":"10","author":"Segrin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pers. Relatsh."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1086\/339225","article-title":"Revisiting the relationships among gender, marital status, and mental health.","volume":"107","author":"Simon","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJS"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510372343","article-title":"Nonmarital romantic relationships and mental health in early adulthood: Does the association differ for women and men?","volume":"51","author":"Simon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869318786760","article-title":"The costs and benefits of parenthood for mental and physical health in the United States: the importance of parenting stage.","volume":"9","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Ment. Health"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2307\/352844","article-title":"New micro-level data on the impact of divorce on suicide, 1959-1980: a test of two theories.","volume":"52","author":"Stack","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"540","article-title":"Marriage, family, religion, and suicide","author":"Stack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Assessment and Prediction of Suicide"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2000.tb01074.x","article-title":"Suicide: a 15-year review of the sociological literature part II: modernization and social integration perspectives.","volume":"30","author":"Stack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat. Behav."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2307\/353867","article-title":"Marital status and happiness: a 17-nation study.","volume":"60","author":"Stack","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-2589.2010.00060.x","article-title":"Commitment: functions, formation, and the securing of romantic attachment.","volume":"2","author":"Stanley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fam. Theory Rev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3693484","article-title":"What school closure left in its wake: contrasting evidence between parents and children from the first COVID 19 outbreak.","volume":"195","author":"Takaku","year":"","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104364","article-title":"What the COVID-19 school closure left in its wake: evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis in Japan.","volume":"195","author":"Takaku","year":"","journal-title":"J. Public Econ."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2008.00520.x","article-title":"Mental illness as a barrier to marriage among unmarried mothers.","volume":"70","author":"Teitler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000407","article-title":"Relationship satisfaction and risk factors for suicide.","volume":"38","author":"Till","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab113","article-title":"Suicide and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.","author":"Ueda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13105","article-title":"Mental health status of the general population in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"74","author":"Ueda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2010.00721.x","article-title":"Parenthood, childlessness, and well-being: a life course perspective.","volume":"72","author":"Umberson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018697","article-title":"The interpersonal theory of suicide.","volume":"117","author":"Van Orden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-011-0107-2","article-title":"Intimate relationships and psychopathology.","volume":"15","author":"Whisman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.3.369","article-title":"Impairment and distress associated with relationship discord in a national sample of married or cohabiting adults.","volume":"20","author":"Whisman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2013.773903","article-title":"Committed dating relationships and mental health among college students.","volume":"61","author":"Whitton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.007","article-title":"Separation as a suicide risk factor.","volume":"116","author":"Wyder","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale.","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.857329\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T22:07:36Z","timestamp":1651097256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.857329\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.857329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.857329","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"article-number":"857329"}}