{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:47:49Z","timestamp":1780091269198,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In educational and clinical settings, few norm-referenced tests have been utilized until now usually focusing on a single or a few language subcomponents, along with very few language rating scales for parents and educators. The need for a comprehensive language assessment tool for preschool and early school years children which could form the basis for valid and reliable screening and diagnostic decisions, led to the development of a new norm-referenced digital tool called Logometro\u00ae. The aim of the present study is to describe Logometro\u00ae as well as its psychometric characteristics. Logometro\u00ae evaluates an array of oral language skills across the different language domains such as phonological awareness, listening comprehension, vocabulary knowledge (receptive and expressive), narrative speech, morphological awareness, pragmatics, as well emergent literacy skills (letter sound knowledge and invented writing) in Greek-speaking 4\u20137\u2009years old children. More specifically, Logometro\u00ae has been designed in order to: (a) map individual language development paths as well as difficulties, (b) provide a descriptive profile of children\u2019s oral language and emergent literacy skills, and (c) assist in the identification of children who are at risk for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) or Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD). The sample consisted of 926 children aged from 4 to 7\u2009years, which were recruited from diverse geographical provinces and represented a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds in Greece. Eight hundred participants were typically developing children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>boys<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009384 and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>girls<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009416), 126 children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SLI<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200944 and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SLD<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200982) represented children with Special Educational Needs, and 126 children were typically developing peers matched for gender and age with the clinical groups. The administration lasted 90\u2009min, depending on the participant\u2019s age and competence. Validity (construct, criterion, convergent, discriminant, and predictive) as well as internal consistency and test\u2013retest reliability were assessed. Results indicated that Logometro\u00ae is characterized by good psychometric properties and can constitute a norm-referenced battery of oral language and emergent literacy skills. It could be used to inform the professionals as well as the researchers about a child\u2019s language strengths and weaknesses and form the basis on which they can design an appropriate individualized intervention if needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.900600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T13:32:06Z","timestamp":1658842326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Logometro\u00ae: The psychometric properties of a norm-referenced digital battery for language assessment of Greek-speaking 4\u20137 years old children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Faye","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina M.","family":"Ralli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Mouzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Diamanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment: Same or different?","volume":"130","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. 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