{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:23:46Z","timestamp":1788305026794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed self-reported health-related quality of life and psychological adjustment in 43 adolescents and young adults (ages in years: 14\u201324, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917.6, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.2) with congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) and examined associations with sociodemographic variables, characteristics of the CMN, perceived social reactions, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Outcome measures included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> 4.0 and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Findings suggest impaired psychosocial health and psychological adjustment in youth with CMN compared to community norms. Impairments were associated with higher age of participants, lower socioeconomic status, visibility of the skin lesion, perceived stigmatization, poorer perceived social support, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing), but not with sex of participants, extent of the skin lesion, and surgical removal of the nevus. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.911830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T12:06:06Z","timestamp":1661429166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Psychosocial health and psychological adjustment in adolescents and young adults with congenital melanocytic nevi: Analysis of self-reports"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ornella","family":"Masnari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Schiestl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Landolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01867.x","article-title":"Multicultural assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology with ASEBA and SDQ instruments: research findings, applications, and future directions","volume":"49","author":"Achenbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties","volume":"55","author":"Arnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2007.10.002","article-title":"Surgical treatment for giant congenital nevi: what are the psychosocial consequences for the child and family?","volume":"53","author":"Bellier-Waast","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Plast. Esthet."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00086.x","article-title":"Congenital nevocytic nevi: follow-up of a Swedish birth register sample regarding etiologic factors, discomfort, and removal rate","volume":"19","author":"Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and child development","volume":"53","author":"Bradley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.09.002","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in youth","volume":"49","author":"Bruwer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"CBT for Appearance Anxiety: Psychosocial Interventions for Anxiety due to Visible Difference","author":"Clarke","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.530","article-title":"The psychological burden of skin diseases: a cross-sectional multicenter study among dermatological out-patients in 13 European countries","volume":"135","author":"Dalgard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105310390246","article-title":"A qualitative study of the experiences of people who identify themselves as having adjusted positively to a visible difference","volume":"16","author":"Egan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0416-3","article-title":"The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or spearman-Brown?","volume":"58","author":"Eisinga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490701217594","article-title":"\"Ur skin is the thing that everyone sees and you can\u2019t change it!\": exploring the appearance-related concerns of young people with psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Neurorehabil."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.04.010","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire - development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short)","volume":"41","author":"Garnefski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.23.3.141","article-title":"The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults","volume":"23","author":"Garnefski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.07.005","article-title":"Bully victimization and emotional problems in adolescents: moderation by specific cognitive coping strategies?","volume":"37","author":"Garnefski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire","volume":"40","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E31","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e31","article-title":"Adolescents' perceptions of social status: development and evaluation of a new indicator","volume":"108","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105311433909","article-title":"The romantic experiences of adolescents with a visible difference: exploring concerns, protective factors and support needs","volume":"17","author":"Griffiths","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051536","article-title":"Care of congenital melanocytic nevi in newborns and infants: review and management recommendations","volume":"148","author":"Jahnke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00712.x","article-title":"Psychosocial sequelae in 29 children with giant congenital melanocytic naevi","volume":"25","author":"Koot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2012.06.007","article-title":"Coping and depressive symptoms in adolescents with a chronic medical condition: a search for intervention targets","volume":"35","author":"Kraaij","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022543419747","article-title":"Negative life events and depressive symptoms in late adolescence: bonding and cognitive coping as vulnerability factors?","volume":"32","author":"Kraaij","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.18.1.106","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the perceived stigmatization questionnaire (PSQ) and the social comfort questionnaire (SCQ) among an adult burn survivor sample","volume":"18","author":"Lawrence","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021674","article-title":"Perceived stigmatization and social comfort: validating the constructs and their measurement among pediatric burn survivors","volume":"55","author":"Lawrence","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-12-9","article-title":"Health related quality of life in Dutch young adults: psychometric properties of the PedsQL generic core scales young adult version","volume":"12","author":"Limperg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2010.484463","article-title":"Sex and the skin: a qualitative study of patients with acne, psoriasis and atopic eczema","volume":"15","author":"Magin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.06.004","article-title":"Self-and parent-perceived stigmatisation in children and adolescents with congenital or acquired facial differences","volume":"65","author":"Masnari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsz017","article-title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life and psychological adjustment in children and adolescents with congenital melanocytic nevi: analysis of parent reports","volume":"44","author":"Masnari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jss106","article-title":"Stigmatization predicts psychological adjustment and quality of life in children and adolescents with a facial difference","volume":"38","author":"Masnari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"22","article-title":"Umgang mit stigmatisierenden Hauterkrankungen im Kindesalter\u2013Wie kann man dem Kind und den Angeh\u00f6rigen helfen?","volume":"25","author":"Masnari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol. Praxis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16131","article-title":"Skin-related quality of life in children and adolescents with congenital melanocytic naevi - an analysis of self-and parent reports","volume":"34","author":"Neuhaus","year":"","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-020-04633-z","article-title":"Surgical treatment of children and youth with congenital melanocytic nevi: self-and proxy-reported opinions","volume":"36","author":"Neuhaus","year":"","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl014","article-title":"Identifying the variables impacting post-burn psychological adjustment: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Noronha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13951_g","article-title":"Multidisciplinary long-term care and modern surgical treatment of congenital melanocytic nevi - recommendations by the CMN surgery network","volume":"17","author":"Ott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.04.022","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation and psychopathology across cultures: a comparison between six European countries","volume":"98","author":"Potthoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.04.004","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevi-when to worry and how to treat: facts and controversies","volume":"28","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.09.005","article-title":"Psychosocial adjustment to skin conditions resulting in visible difference (disfigurement): what do we know? Why don't we know more? How shall we move forward?","volume":"4","author":"Rumsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Dermatol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490701217396","article-title":"Visible difference amongst children and adolescents: issues and interventions","volume":"10","author":"Rumsey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Neurorehabil."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv00470","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3826","article-title":"Visual impact of large and Giant congenital Naevi: comparison of surgical scars with Naevi Before surgery","volume":"101","author":"Sampogna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00056-8","article-title":"Adjusting to disfigurement: processes involved in dealing with being visibly different","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0521-4","article-title":"Self-reported strengths and difficulties in a large Norwegian population 10-19 years: age and gender specific results of the extended SDQ-questionnaire","volume":"15","author":"Van Roy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105309103580","article-title":"The PedsQL 4.0 generic Core scales young adult version: feasibility, reliability and validity in a university student population","volume":"14","author":"Varni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9730-5","article-title":"The PedsQLTM infant scales: feasibility, internal consistency reliability and validity in healthy and ill infants","volume":"20","author":"Varni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12835","article-title":"Clinical course, treatment modalities, and quality of life in patients with congenital melanocytic nevi \u2013 data from the German CMN registry","volume":"15","author":"Wramp","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. German Soci. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.911830\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T16:16:09Z","timestamp":1662653769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.911830\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.911830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.911830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"article-number":"911830"}}