{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:10:15Z","timestamp":1780467015686,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by a worsening of mental health levels in some, while others manage to adapt or recover relatively quickly. Transdiagnostic factors such as personality functioning are thought to be involved in determining mental health outcomes. The present study focused on two constructs of personality functioning, Criterion A of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD, DSM-5) and mentalization, as predictors of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A second focus of the study was to examine whether this relationship was mediated by resilience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between personality functioning measured by Criterion A (AMPD, DSM-5) and mentalizing abilities as predictors, and depression and life satisfaction as mental health outcomes. To assess the hypothesis that this relationship is mediated by resilience a structural equation modeling approach was conducted. Data from <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 316 individuals from the general population were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear regression models revealed highly significant associations between Criterion A\/mentalization and both outcome measures. Structural equation models showed a significant partial mediation by resilience of these relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support the hypothesis that mentalizing serves as a protective function by promoting resilience to the impact of stress and threats. Criterion A and mentalization performed similarly as predictors of mental health outcomes, providing empirically overlapping operationalizations of personality functioning. This finding emphasizes the importance of personality functioning in positive and negative mental health outcomes. Furthermore, our results are consistent with a mediating role of resilience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.928540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T08:37:56Z","timestamp":1658738276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The interplay of Criterion A of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, mentalization and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jeff","family":"Maerz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Buchheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luna","family":"Rabl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Viviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Labek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01508-2","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health in Germany: longitudinal observation of different mental health trajectories and protective factors.","volume":"11","author":"Ahrens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach.","volume":"103","author":"Anderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B4","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amos (Version 26.0) [Computer Program]."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.048","article-title":"Beyond diagnosis: mentalization and mental health from a transdiagnostic point of view in adolescents from non-clinical population.","volume":"270","author":"Ballesp\u00ed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.566254","article-title":"Self and other mentalizing polarities and dimensions of mental health: association with types of symptoms, functioning and well-being.","volume":"12","author":"Ballesp\u00ed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.09.005","article-title":"A mentalization-based approach to common factors in the treatment of borderline personality disorder.","volume":"21","author":"Bateman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22206","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and mood disorders: mentalizing as a framework for integrated treatment.","volume":"71","author":"Bateman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.18.1.36.32772","article-title":"Mentalization-based treatment of BPD.","volume":"18","author":"Bateman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1492928","article-title":"The P-factor and what it means to be human: commentary on Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP.","volume":"101","author":"Bender","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.583808","article-title":"Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM-5, part I: a review of theory and methods.","volume":"93","author":"Bender","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.654026","article-title":"ICD-11 personality disorders: a psychodynamic perspective on personality functioning.","volume":"12","author":"Bl\u00fcml","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2018.1479870","article-title":"Attachment comes of age: adolescents\u2019 narrative coherence and reflective functioning predict well-being in emerging adulthood.","volume":"21","author":"Borelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.07.010","article-title":"Attachment and borderline personality disorder.","volume":"41","author":"Buchheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000352","article-title":"Level of personality functioning as a predictor of psychosocial functioning - Concurrent validity of criterion A.","volume":"11","author":"Buer Christensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00952","article-title":"Alternative model of personality disorders (DSM-5) predicts dropout in inpatient psychotherapy for patients with personality disorder.","volume":"10","author":"Busmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"114","article-title":"A psychoanalytic theory of personality disorders","author":"Caligor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Major Theories of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473","article-title":"The p factor: one general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders?","volume":"2","author":"Caspi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000676","article-title":"Role of personality functioning in the quality of life of patients with depression.","volume":"205","author":"Crempien","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.594698","article-title":"Risk factors for adult depression: adverse childhood experiences and personality functioning.","volume":"3224","author":"Dagnino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale.","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2006.20.6.597","article-title":"Toward a model of self pathology underlying personality disorders: narratives, metacognition, interpersonal cycles and decision-making processes.","volume":"20","author":"Dimaggio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"224","article-title":"Psychometrische einsamkeitsforschung: deutsche neukonstruktion der UCLA loneliness scale.","volume":"39","author":"D\u00f6ring","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01569-3","article-title":"Resilience and personality as predictors of the biological stress load during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany.","volume":"11","author":"Engert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6092\/2282-1619\/mjcp-2415","article-title":"Mentalizing the University experience: an exploratory study on the relationship between university students\u2019 reflective functioning, psychological well-being and academic performance.","volume":"8","author":"Esposito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterranean J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2019_33_427","article-title":"Interpersonal problems in borderline personality disorder: associations with mentalizing, emotion regulation, and impulsiveness.","volume":"35","author":"Euler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102046","article-title":"Social behavior as a transdiagnostic marker of resilience.","volume":"17","author":"Feldman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.143842","article-title":"Transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: change in reflective function.","volume":"207","author":"Fischer-Kern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.13109\/zptm.2019.65.2.162","article-title":"Mentalization and depression: theoretical concepts, treatment approaches and empirical studies\u2013An overview.","volume":"65","author":"Fischer-Kern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Z. Psychosom. Med. Psychother."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230601182045","article-title":"Mentalizing and borderline personality disorder.","volume":"16","author":"Fonagy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.01.001","article-title":"Future directions in personality pathology.","volume":"37","author":"Fonagy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429471643","author":"Fonagy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self."},{"key":"B34","article-title":"Attachment, mentalizing, and the self","author":"Fonagy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-017-0061-9","article-title":"What we have changed our minds about: Part 1. Borderline personality disorder as a limitation of resilience.","volume":"4","author":"Fonagy","year":"","journal-title":"Borderline Pers. Disord. Emot. Dysregul."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-017-0062-8","article-title":"What we have changed our minds about: part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication.","volume":"4","author":"Fonagy","year":"","journal-title":"Borderline Pers. Disord. Emot. Dysregul."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000501526","article-title":"Mentalizing, epistemic trust and the phenomenology of psychotherapy.","volume":"52","author":"Fonagy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579497001399","article-title":"Attachment and reflective function: their role in self-organization.","volume":"9","author":"Fonagy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"217","article-title":"Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self.","volume":"77","author":"Gergely","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychoanal."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000058","article-title":"The German version of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS).","volume":"27","author":"Glaesmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.2004.tb00142.x","article-title":"The use of item parcels in structural equation modelling: non-normal data and small sample sizes.","volume":"57","author":"Hau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2012.709325","article-title":"Is a self-rated instrument appropriate to assess mentalization in patients with mental disorders? Development and first validation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ).","volume":"22","author":"Hausberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychother. Res."},{"key":"B43","author":"Hautzinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"ADS Allgemeine Depressions Skala."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000496499","article-title":"Mentalization as mediator between adult attachment and interpersonal distress.","volume":"52","author":"Hayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1414","article-title":"A framework for treating DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorder features.","volume":"12","author":"Hopwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers. Ment. Health"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2011.25.3.305","article-title":"Personality assessment in DSM-5: empirical support for rating severity, style, and traits.","volume":"25","author":"Hopwood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives.","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equat. Model."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey.","volume":"288","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000159","article-title":"Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a brief self-report questionnaire for the assessment of the DSM\u20135 level of Personality Functioning Scale: the LPFS brief form (LPFS-BF).","volume":"7","author":"Hutsebaut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B50","year":"2019","journal-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6102\/zis147","article-title":"Deutsche version der satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)","author":"Janke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0140525x1400082x","article-title":"A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience.","volume":"38","author":"Kalisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/000306516701500309","article-title":"Borderline personality organization.","volume":"15","author":"Kernberg","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychoan. Assoc."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-8315.2008.00046.x","article-title":"Transference focused psychotherapy: overview and update.","volume":"89","author":"Kernberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychoanal."},{"key":"B55","author":"Kline","year":"2005","journal-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20175","article-title":"Transdiagnostic factors of mental disorders.","volume":"14","author":"Krueger","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2021.1942980","article-title":"Vulnerability of personality disorder during the Covid-19 crises\u2013a multicenter survey of treatment experiences among patients referred to treatment.","volume":"76","author":"Kvarstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nordic J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"310","article-title":"Konzeption der borderline-pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rung aus neurobiologischer Sicht.","volume":"23","author":"Labek","year":"2019","journal-title":"PTT-Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rungen"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000760","article-title":"Losing and regaining reflective functioning in the times of COVID-19: clinical risks and opportunities from a mentalizing approach.","volume":"12","author":"Lassri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B60","first-page":"226","article-title":"Die Resilienzskala (RS)\u2013\u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Langform RS-25 und einer Kurzform RS-13.","volume":"1","author":"Leppert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Klinische Diagnostik Eval."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-03012-1","article-title":"Effects of sources of social support and resilience on the mental health of different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B62","author":"Linehan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dialectical behavior Therapy in Clinical Practice."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_1","article-title":"To parcel or not to parcel: exploring the question, weighing the merits.","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"2002","journal-title":"Struct. Equat. Model."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179161","article-title":"Systematic review on mentalization as key factor in psychotherapy.","volume":"18","author":"L\u00fcdemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-071919-015355","article-title":"The mentalizing approach to psychopathology: state of the art and future directions.","volume":"16","author":"Luyten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000117","article-title":"The neurobiology of mentalizing.","volume":"6","author":"Luyten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"387","article-title":"Depression","author":"Luyten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2","article-title":"In search of golden rules: comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler\u2019s (1999) findings.","volume":"11","author":"Marsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Struct. Equat. Model."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20591","article-title":"Resilience from a developmental systems perspective.","volume":"18","author":"Masten","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000450","article-title":"Development and initial evaluation of a self-report form of the DSM-5 level of personality functioning scale.","volume":"29","author":"Morey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.577853","article-title":"Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM\u20135, Part II: empirical articulation of a core dimension of personality pathology.","volume":"93","author":"Morey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.16.6.503.22139","article-title":"Defining disordered personality functioning.","volume":"16","author":"Parker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000506313","article-title":"Importance of self and other in defining personality pathology.","volume":"53","author":"Pincus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2021.1210095","article-title":"COVID-19 and quality of life: the role of cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors.","volume":"12","author":"Poulios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population.","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.634332","article-title":"Personality functioning and mentalizing in patients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder: implications for ICD-11.","volume":"12","author":"Rishede","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","article-title":"The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2","article-title":"UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure.","volume":"66","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12095","article-title":"Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives.","volume":"128","author":"Rutten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"B81","author":"Schumacker","year":"2016","journal-title":"A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Structural Equation Modelling"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294121994846","article-title":"Self-rated mentalizing mediates the relationship between stress and coping in a non-clinical sample.","volume":"125","author":"Schwarzer","year":"","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01467-3","article-title":"The relationship between global distress, mentalizing and well-being in a German teacher sample.","author":"Schwarzer","year":"","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000033","article-title":"The structure of personality pathology: both general (\u2018g\u2019) and specific (\u2018s\u2019) factors?","volume":"124","author":"Sharp","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143131","article-title":"Personality disorders in DSM-5.","volume":"8","author":"Skodol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021892","article-title":"Proposed changes in personality and personality disorder assessment and diagnosis for DSM-5 Part I: description and rationale.","volume":"2","author":"Skodol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1343-2396","article-title":"Die deutsche version der level of personality functioning scale-brief form 2.0 (LPFS-BF): faktorenstruktur, konvergente validit\u00e4t und normwerte in der allgemeinbev\u00f6lkerung.","volume":"71","author":"Spitzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.09.017","article-title":"Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling.","volume":"42","author":"Steiger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712986.ch16","article-title":"Does mentalizing promote resilience","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Handbook of Mentalization Based Treatment"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2011.74.1.49","article-title":"The role of mentalization in the psychoanalytic treatment of chronic depression.","volume":"74","author":"Taubner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.190","article-title":"The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).","volume":"5","author":"Tyrer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Ment. Health"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.12.1593","article-title":"Establishing the severity of personality disorder.","volume":"153","author":"Tyrer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095736","article-title":"The development of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: an amalgam of science, pragmatism, and politics.","volume":"15","author":"Tyrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61995-4","article-title":"Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder.","volume":"385","author":"Tyrer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03857-8","article-title":"Impact of personality functioning and pathological traits on mental wellbeing of older patients with personality disorders.","volume":"22","author":"Veenstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01150-4","article-title":"Psycho-social factors associated with mental resilience in the Corona lockdown.","volume":"11","author":"Veer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1080\/09515070.2020.1814694","article-title":"Clinical management of common presentations of patients diagnosed with BPD during the COVID-19 pandemic: the contribution of the MBT framework.","volume":"34","author":"Ventura Wurman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Counsell. Psychol. Q."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/15294145.2011.10773671","article-title":"Models of change in the psychotherapy of borderline personality disorders.","volume":"13","author":"Viviani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychoanalysis"},{"key":"B99","first-page":"165","article-title":"Development and psychometric.","volume":"1","author":"Wagnild","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Meas."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315205076-5","article-title":"Clinical utility and application of the AMPD","author":"Waugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Integrating Multiple Paradigms of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000071","article-title":"Psychological assessment with the DSM\u20135 alternative model for personality disorders: tradition and innovation.","volume":"48","author":"Waugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prof. Psychol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1465431","article-title":"Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP.","volume":"101","author":"Widiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"B103","year":"2019","journal-title":"ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases (11th revision)."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.078956","article-title":"Personality pathology recorded by severity: national survey.","volume":"197","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026211062612","article-title":"Parental mentalizing during a pandemic: use of mental-state language on parenting social media before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.","author":"Yatziv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B106","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schema Therapy: A Practitioner\u2019s Guide."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000356","article-title":"Mentalization and criterion a of the alternative model for personality disorders: results from a clinical and nonclinical sample.","volume":"11","author":"Zettl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000507377","article-title":"A common metric for self-reported severity of personality disorder.","volume":"53","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopathology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.928540\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T08:38:09Z","timestamp":1658738289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.928540\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.928540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.928540","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"article-number":"928540"}}