{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:19:48Z","timestamp":1789586388522,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21AA019580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21AA019580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33AA019580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33AA019580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA024123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA024123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal and early postnatal choline supplementation reduces cognitive and behavioral deficits in animal models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In a previously published 9-month clinical trial of choline supplementation in children with FASD, we reported that postnatal choline was associated with improved performance on a hippocampal-dependent recognition memory task. The current paper describes the neurophysiological correlates of that memory performance for trial completers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with FASD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) who were enrolled in a clinical trial of choline supplementation were followed for 9\u2009months. Delayed recall on a 9-step elicited imitation task (EI) served as the behavioral measure of recognition memory. Neurophysiological correlates of memory were assessed <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> event-related potentials (ERP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delayed recall on EI was correlated with two ERP components commonly associated with recognition memory in young children: middle latency negative component (Nc amplitude; range: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.41 to <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.44) and positive slow wave (PSW area under the curve; range: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.45 to <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.63). No significant ERP differences were observed between the choline and placebo groups at the conclusion of the trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the small sample size limits the ability to draw clear conclusions about the treatment effect of choline on ERP, the results suggest a relationship between memory performance and underlying neurophysiological status in FASD. This trial was registered.<jats:xref><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup><\/jats:xref><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.936019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T06:07:16Z","timestamp":1664172436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neurophysiological correlates of memory change in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders treated with choline"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anita J.","family":"Fuglestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neely C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit A.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Boys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith K.","family":"Eckerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Georgieff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Recalling past events: from infancy to early childhood","volume":"11","author":"Bauer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals Child Develop."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2902_2","article-title":"Electrophysiological indexes of encoding and behavioral indexes of recall: examining relations and developmental change late in the first year of life","volume":"29","author":"Bauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. 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