{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:56:03Z","timestamp":1775674563407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drug-related deaths (DRDs) are a major public health challenge. Losing a child to a DRD can be a very stressful life event, which places parents at risk of mental and physical health problems. However, traumatic experiences like losing a child to DRD can paradoxically also lead to positive psychological changes. A mixed-method approach was used to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth experienced by parents following a DRD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>By combining data from a survey (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200989) and interviews (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), we explored positive growth experiences among Norwegian parents. We conducted descriptive analyses of the sample\u2019s demographic characteristics and mean scores for Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) items. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the influence of the ability to perform daily activities (WSAS), self-efficacy (GSE-SF), social support (CSS), and symptoms of prolonged grief (PG-13) on the outcome variable of post-traumatic growth (PTGI-SF). Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to analyze the qualitative data. Finally, we integrated the results of the survey and the interviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For items measuring post-traumatic growth, parents scored highest on the item \u201cI discovered that I\u2019m stronger than I thought I was\u201d and lowest on the item \u201cI am able to do better things with my life.\u201d Self-efficacy and social support had a statistically significant relation with post-traumatic growth. Two themes were generated from the interviews: (I) new perspectives on life and (II) new paths in life. Even though the \u201cNew Possibilities\u201d subscale had the lowest mean score for the PTGI-SF, new paths in life were important for many of the interviewed parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents described traumatic stressors associated with having a child who uses narcotics and hence experienced positive changes even before losing their child. We argue that on an individual level, the consequences of spillover stigma, low self-efficacy, and intrusive rumination can hinder potential post-traumatic growth. On a group level, enhancing network support may increase post-traumatic growth experiences. Hence, parents who have experienced a DRD can benefit from help to activate their social networks and strengthen their self-efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.982667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T11:34:22Z","timestamp":1661427262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Paths to positive growth in parents bereaved by drug-related death: A mixed-method study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kristine Berg","family":"Titlestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigurd","family":"Hystad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Dyregrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020802171367","article-title":"An examination of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic depreciation: two exploratory studies","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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