{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:26:38Z","timestamp":1790843198917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":280,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Every normally developing human infant solves the difficult problem of mapping their native-language phonology, but the neural mechanisms underpinning this behavior remain poorly understood. Here, motor constellation theory, an integrative neurophonological model, is presented, with the goal of explicating this issue. It is assumed that infants\u2019 motor-auditory phonological mapping takes place through infants\u2019 orosensory \u201creaching\u201d for phonological elements observed in the language-specific ambient phonology,<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>reference to kinesthetic feedback from motor systems (e.g., articulators), and auditory feedback from resulting speech and speech-like sounds. Attempts are regulated by basal ganglion\u2013cerebellar speech neural circuitry, and successful attempts at reproduction are enforced through dopaminergic signaling. Early in life, the pace of anatomical development constrains mapping such that complete language-specific phonological mapping is prohibited by infants\u2019 undeveloped supralaryngeal vocal tract and undescended larynx; constraints gradually dissolve with age, enabling adult phonology. Where appropriate, reference is made to findings from animal and clinical models. Some implications for future modeling and simulation efforts, as well as clinical settings, are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.996894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T13:18:22Z","timestamp":1667481502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Motor constellation theory: A model of infants\u2019 phonological development"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Axel G.","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2869","article-title":"Songbirds possess the spontaneous ability to discriminate syntactic rules","volume":"14","author":"Abe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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