{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:15:22Z","timestamp":1789758922800,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 pandemic-related perceived risk of infection, illness fears, acute stress, emotional anxiety, exhaustion, and fatigue, psychological trauma and depressive symptoms, and sustained psychological distress can cause smartphone addiction risk and lead to technology-related cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders, thus impacting psychological well-being. Behavioral addiction of smartphone users can result in anxiety symptom severity, psychiatric symptoms, and depressive stress. We carried out a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest throughout June 2022, with search terms including \u201csmartphone addiction\u2009+\u2009COVID-19\u201d\u2009+\u2009\u201cstress,\u201d \u201canxiety,\u201d \u201cdepression,\u201d \u201cpsychological distress,\u201d \u201cscreen time,\u201d and \u201cfear.\u201d As we analyzed only articles published between 2020 and 2022, 288 papers met the eligibility criteria. By excluding sources with similar titles, having unclear findings or unsupported by replication, or displaying inconsistent content, we selected 64, mainly empirical, sources. We used layout algorithms (VOSviewer) and bibliometric mapping (Dimensions) as data visualization tools. Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), a systematic review and literature review software (Distiller SR), Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR) were employed as methodological quality assessment tools. As limitations, we analyzed only articles published between 2020 and 2022 in scholarly outlets indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. The scope of our study also does not advance the inspection of sources covering vulnerable individuals suffering from certain diseases or specific generations. Subsequent analyses should develop on smartphone use and addiction among children and adolescents. Future research should thus investigate problematic smartphone use and addiction across generations Z and Alpha. Attention should be directed to their personality traits and psychopathological symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T03:21:33Z","timestamp":1660620093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Smartphone addiction risk, technology-related behaviors and attitudes, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alexandrina-Mihaela","family":"Popescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca-\u0218tefania","family":"Balica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Laz\u0103r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin Oprea","family":"Bu\u0219u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina-Elena","family":"Va\u0219cu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02196-5","article-title":"Longitudinal association between smartphone ownership and depression among schoolchildren under COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"57","author":"Adachi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.164","article-title":"Mental health status of high school students in Khartoum state, Sudan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Altamih","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.22381\/RCP20202110","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine education: behavioral and socio-demographic factors related to vaccine uptake and hesitancy","volume":"20","author":"Balica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Contemp. Philos."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.22381\/lpi21202214","article-title":"Metaverse applications, technologies, and infrastructure: predictive algorithms, real-time customer data analytics, and virtual navigation tools","volume":"21","author":"Balica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos. Invest."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.22381\/JRGS11220215","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19-related stress, anxiety, and depression on sexual health","volume":"11","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Gender Stud."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.22381\/am2020216","article-title":"The neurobehavioral economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: consumer cognition, perception, sentiment, choice, and decision-making","volume":"20","author":"Birtus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analy. Metaphys."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.22381\/sg1120223","article-title":"Metaverse technologies in the virtual economy: deep learning computer vision algorithms, blockchain-based digital assets, and immersive shared worlds","volume":"1","author":"Blake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Smart Gov."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.22381\/ajmr9120225","article-title":"Internet of medical things-based clinical decision support systems, smart healthcare wearable devices, and machine learning algorithms in COVID-19 prevention, screening, detection, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Blazek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261023","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261023","article-title":"From low sense of control to problematic smartphone use severity during Covid-19 outbreak: the mediating role of fear of missing out and the moderating role of repetitive negative thinking","volume":"16","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.22381\/pihrm9220215","article-title":"Psychological distress, moral trauma, and burnout syndrome among COVID-19 frontline medical personnel","volume":"9","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosociol. Issues Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2021.1889751","article-title":"Smartphone addiction across the lifetime during Italian lockdown for COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Caponnetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0497","article-title":"Internet-related behaviors and psychological distress among schoolchildren during the COVID-19 school hiatus","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121249","article-title":"Mobile shoppers\u2019 response to Covid-19 phobia, pessimism and smartphone addiction: does social influence matter?","volume":"174","author":"Chopdar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.22381\/pihrm9220211","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic-related emotional anxiety, perceived risk of infection, and acute depression among primary care providers","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosociol. Issues Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43076-022-00208-0","article-title":"Self-reported smartphone addiction among Brazilian adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic context: a mixed-method study","author":"de Freitas","year":"","journal-title":"Trends Psychol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2022.03.001","article-title":"Relationship between lifestyle and self-reported smartphone addiction in adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study","volume":"65","author":"de Freitas","year":"","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692503","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.692503","article-title":"Relationships between anxiety, perceived vulnerability to disease, and smartphone use during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a sample of Italian college students","volume":"12","author":"De Pasquale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0284","article-title":"How parents and their children used social media and technology at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Drouin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.029","article-title":"An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19","volume":"275","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.227","article-title":"Health anxiety related to problematic smartphone use and gaming disorder severity during COVID-19: fear of missing out as a mediator","volume":"3","author":"Elhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Behav. Emerg. Tech."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.080","article-title":"COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults","volume":"274","author":"Elhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100379","article-title":"Internet use during COVID-19 lockdown among young people in low- and middle-income countries: role of psychological wellbeing","volume":"14","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.22381\/KC8320208","article-title":"International higher education and global citizenship education: the rise of critical cosmopolitanism\u2019s \u2018personhood\u2019 in the age of COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowl. Cult."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s10447-021-09461-x","article-title":"Psychological flexibility, coronavirus anxiety, humor and social media addiction during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey","volume":"44","author":"G\u00fcldal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Couns."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-021-01288-y","article-title":"The impact of social media on college mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational review of the existing literature","volume":"23","author":"Haddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.319","article-title":"Anxiety sensitivity mediates relations between anxiety (but not depression) and problematic smartphone use severity, adjusting for age and sex, in Chinese adolescents early in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Hallauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Behav. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106616","article-title":"Smartphone screen time: inaccuracy of self-reports and influence of psychological and contextual factors","volume":"115","author":"Hodes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.22381\/jsme10120223","article-title":"Machine learning tools, algorithms, and techniques in retail business operations: consumer perceptions, expectations, and habits","volume":"10","author":"Hopkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Self Gov. Manag. Econ."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S325126","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of problematic smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Bangladeshi study","volume":"14","author":"Hosen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag. Health Policy"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107058","article-title":"Meaning in life as a mediator between interpersonal alienation and smartphone addiction in the context of Covid-19: a three-wave longitudinal study","volume":"127","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106012","article-title":"The mediating role of daytime sleepiness between problematic smartphone use and post-traumatic symptoms in COVID-19 home-refined adolescents","volume":"126","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00751","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00751","article-title":"Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic","volume":"11","author":"Huixi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S323570","article-title":"How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted internet use behaviors and facilitated problematic internet use? A Bangladeshi study","volume":"14","author":"Jahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805529","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.805529","article-title":"Problematic mobile phone use and life satisfaction among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105875","article-title":"Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic smartphone use under the COVID-19 epidemic: the mediation models","volume":"121","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.22381\/CRLSJ13220213","article-title":"Connected vehicle technologies, autonomous driving perception algorithms, and smart sustainable urban mobility behaviors in networked transport systems","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp. Read. Law Soc. Justice"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03018-w","article-title":"The role of loneliness and aggression on smartphone addiction among university students","author":"Karaoglan Yilmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1933181","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19, loneliness, smartphone addiction, and mental wellbeing among the Turkish general population: a serial mediation model","author":"Kayis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Inform. Technol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.22381\/jsme10120222","article-title":"Cognitive decision-making algorithms in data-driven retail intelligence: consumer sentiments, choices, and shopping behaviors","volume":"10","author":"Kliestik","year":"","journal-title":"J. Self Gov. Manag. Econ."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.22381\/emfm17120224","article-title":"Data-driven machine learning and neural network algorithms in the retailing environment: consumer engagement, experience, and purchase behaviors","volume":"17","author":"Kliestik","year":"","journal-title":"Econom. Manag. Financ. Market."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.08.009","article-title":"Examination of the relationship between smartphone addiction and cyberchondria in adolescents","volume":"35","author":"K\u00f6se","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.24136\/eq.2020.009","article-title":"ARIMA-based forecasting of the dynamics of confirmed Covid-19 cases for selected European countries","volume":"15","author":"Kufel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Equilib. Q. J. Econom. Econom. Pol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03256-y","article-title":"Social support as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia: An investigation among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.22381\/GHIR13220212","article-title":"Internet of things sensing infrastructures and data-driven planning technologies in smart sustainable city governance and management","volume":"13","author":"L\u0103z\u0103roiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geopolit. History Int. Relat."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.22381\/RCP1920204","article-title":"Addictive behavior of problematic smartphone users: the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress","volume":"19","author":"L\u0103z\u0103roiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Contemp. Philos."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.22381\/LPI2020217","article-title":"The language of misinformation literacy: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions","volume":"20","author":"L\u0103z\u0103roiu","year":"","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos. Invest."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.22381\/RCP2020217","article-title":"The language of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and public health misinformation: distrust, unwillingness, and uncertainty","volume":"20","author":"L\u0103z\u0103roiu","year":"","journal-title":"Rev. Contemp. Philos."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.22381\/JRGS11220214","article-title":"COVID-19-related psychosocial stressors, sexual behaviors, and quality of life","volume":"11","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Gender Stud."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652356","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.652356","article-title":"Based on a decision tree model for exploring the risk factors of smartphone addiction among children and adolescents in China during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106857","article-title":"Loneliness and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of escape motivation and self-control","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2022.03.007","article-title":"Psychological distress and internet addiction following the COVID-19 outbreak: fear of missing out and boredom proneness as mediators","volume":"40","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.24136\/oc.2021.009","article-title":"The research on COVID-19 and economy from 2019 to 2020: analysis from the perspective of bibliometrics","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oecon. Copern."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03956-6","article-title":"Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its effects on subhealth and insomnia: a cross-sectional study among medical students","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03957-5","article-title":"Smartphone addiction and its associated factors among freshmen medical students in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865306","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.865306","article-title":"The impact of adolescent resilience on mobile phone addiction during COVID-19 normalization and flooding in China: a chain mediating","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107204","article-title":"Smartphone and social media use contributed to individual tendencies towards social media addiction in Italian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"126","author":"Marengo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2021.1895962","article-title":"Prevalence of internet-based addictive behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Masaeli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102128","article-title":"Global prevalence of digital addiction in general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.24136\/oc.2021.010","article-title":"Exhaustion while teleworking during COVID-19: a moderated-mediation model of role clarity, self-efficacy, and task interdependence","volume":"12","author":"Mihalca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oecon. Copern."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100313","article-title":"Discussing digital technology overuse in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: On the importance of considering affective neuroscience theory","volume":"12","author":"Montag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682837","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.682837","article-title":"Investigating links between fear of COVID-19, neuroticism, social networks use disorder, and smartphone use disorder tendencies","volume":"12","author":"Montag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.22381\/kc9320217","article-title":"Kindness in giving? Giving to and through the arts in the time of COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Mullen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowl. Cult."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635546","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.635546","article-title":"COVID-19 stress and addictive social media use (SMU): mediating role of active use and social media flow","volume":"12","author":"Nan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073670","article-title":"The influence of internal marketing and job satisfaction on task performance and counterproductive work behavior in an emerging market during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Nem\u021beanu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7441\/joc.2021.02.04","article-title":"Job insecurity, job instability and job satisfaction in the context of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Nem\u021beanu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Competit."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.15240\/tul\/001\/2022-2-002","article-title":"Predicting job satisfaction and work engagement behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic: a conservation of resources theory approach","volume":"25","author":"Nem\u021beanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"E&M Econom. Manag."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.22381\/GHIR13220217","article-title":"Urban big data analytics and sustainable governance networks in integrated smart city planning and management","volume":"13","author":"Nica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geopolit. History Int. Relat."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.22381\/sg1120222","article-title":"The economics of the metaverse: immersive virtual technologies, consumer digital engagement, and augmented reality shopping experience","volume":"1","author":"Nica","year":"","journal-title":"Smart Gov."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.22381\/emfm17120222","article-title":"Artificial intelligence decision-making in shopping patterns: consumer values, cognition, and attitudes","volume":"17","author":"Nica","year":"","journal-title":"Econom. Manag. Financ. Market."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.111222","article-title":"Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction among college students during the 2019 coronavirus disease: the mediating roles of rumination and the moderating role of self-control","volume":"185","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.22381\/am2020214","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine education: vaccine hesitancy attitudes and preventive behavior adherence","volume":"20","author":"Pera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analy. Metaphys."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.22381\/LPI20202112","article-title":"Public legitimacy of vaccine passports: ethical and regulatory issues raised by COVID-19 immunity certificates","volume":"20","author":"Platt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos. Invest."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01470-8","article-title":"Technology addiction of adolescents in the COVID-19 era: mediating effect of attitude on awareness and behavior","volume":"41","author":"Potas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600134","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.600134","article-title":"Smartphone use among university students during COVID-19 quarantine: An ethical trigger","volume":"9","author":"Saadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647386","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.647386","article-title":"Problematic smartphone and social media use among Bangladeshi college and university students amid COVID-19: The role of psychological well-being and pandemic related factors","volume":"12","author":"Saiful","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.11.011","article-title":"Determining the relationship between loneliness and internet addiction among adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey","volume":"63","author":"Sar\u0131alio\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01102-8","article-title":"Smartphone use and addiction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: cohort study on 184 Italian children and adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Serra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2021.1995886","article-title":"Smartphone addiction and personality traits among Lebanese adults: the mediating role of self-esteem","author":"Sfeir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.095","article-title":"Anxiety and its relationship with sleep disturbance and problematic smartphone use among Chinese medical students during COVID-19 home confinement\u2014A structural equation model analysis","volume":"296","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2087473","article-title":"Comparing the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction among university students pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19","author":"Sui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Heal."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100375","article-title":"Addictive behaviours among university students in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Ting","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.24136\/eq.2021.021","article-title":"Comparative analysis of Poland and selected countries in terms of household financial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. Equilibrium","volume":"16","author":"Waliszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Q. J. Econom. Econom. Pol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.22381\/CRLSJ13220216","article-title":"Predictive control algorithms, real-world connected vehicle data, and smart mobility technologies in intelligent transportation planning and engineering","volume":"13","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp. Read. Law Soc. Justice"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02332-0","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on screen media use in patients referred for ADHD to child and adolescent psychiatry: an introduction to problematic use of the internet in ADHD and results of a survey","volume":"128","author":"Werling","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920899","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.920899","article-title":"Effects of cell phone dependence on mental health among college students during the pandemic of COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of a medical university in Shanghai","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02324-z","article-title":"The association between fear of Covid-19 and smartphone addiction among individuals: the mediating and moderating role of cyberchondria severity","author":"Yam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612007","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.612007","article-title":"Problematic social media usage and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of academic burnout","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03265-4","article-title":"A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2021-4-1","article-title":"Problematic internet use prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Zarco-Alpuente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106790","article-title":"Cellphone addiction during the Covid-19 outbreak: how online social anxiety and cyber danger belief mediate the influence of personality","volume":"121","author":"Zhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881074","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881074","article-title":"Associations between online learning, smartphone addiction problems, and psychological symptoms in Chinese college students after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755059","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.755059","article-title":"Relationship of problematic smartphone use, sleep quality, and daytime fatigue among quarantined medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S349105","article-title":"The effect of parent phubbing on Chinese adolescents\u2019 smartphone addiction during COVID-19 pandemic: testing a moderated mediation model","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S335407","article-title":"Peer phubbing and Chinese college students\u2019 smartphone addiction during COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of boredom proneness and the moderating role of refusal self-efficacy","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917465","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.917465","article-title":"Effects of stressors of COVID-19 on Chinese college students\u2019 problematic social media use: a mediated moderation model","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00700-1","article-title":"Social isolation, loneliness, and mobile phone dependence among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: roles of parent\u2013child communication patterns","author":"Zhen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Heal. Addict."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.22381\/ajmr91202210","article-title":"Machine and deep learning algorithms, computer vision technologies, and internet of things-based healthcare monitoring systems in COVID-19 prevention, testing, detection, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Zvarikova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997253\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T03:21:37Z","timestamp":1660620097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997253\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"article-number":"997253"}}