{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:31:30Z","timestamp":1771677090353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011330","name":"Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the executive disruption model (EDM) of tinnitus distress and subsequently validates it statistically using two independent datasets (the Construction Dataset: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200996 and the Validation Dataset: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009200). The conceptual EDM was first operationalised as a structural causal model (construction phase). Then multiple regression was used to examine the effect of executive functioning on tinnitus-related distress (validation phase), adjusting for the additional contributions of hearing threshold and psychological distress. For both datasets, executive functioning negatively predicted tinnitus distress score by a similar amount (the Construction Dataset: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> =\u2009\u22123.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.13 and the Validation Dataset: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> =\u2009\u22123.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.02). Theoretical implications and applications of the EDM are subsequently discussed; these include the predictive nature of executive functioning in the development of distressing tinnitus, and the clinical utility of the EDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1006349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T06:24:30Z","timestamp":1676010270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The executive disruption model of tinnitus distress: Model validation in two independent datasets using factor score regression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Akeroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Henshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan Najibah Wan","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1302.3549","article-title":"Finding minimum d-separating sets","volume":"1302","author":"Acid","year":"2013","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230600895226","article-title":"The role of cognition in tinnitus","volume":"556","author":"Andersson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol. 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