{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:15:15Z","timestamp":1790828115462,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yoga philosophy includes the theory of <jats:italic>Tri-guna<\/jats:italic> (three mental traits): <jats:italic>sattva<\/jats:italic> (signifies a tendency to \u2018goodness\u2019), <jats:italic>rajas<\/jats:italic> (tendency towards \u2018activity\u2019), and <jats:italic>tamas<\/jats:italic> (tendency towards \u201cinertia\u201d). This cross-sectional study aimed to understand the differences in the expression of <jats:italic>gunas<\/jats:italic> in patients suffering from major psychiatric disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009113, 40 females) and age-gender-education-matched healthy controls (HCs; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009113, 40 females). Patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist using DSM 5 criteria and suffered from the following disorders: depression (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), schizophrenia (SCZ; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928), obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923), anxiety (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916). <jats:italic>Tri-gunas<\/jats:italic> were assessed using a validated tool (Vedic Personality Inventory) and symptoms were assessed using standard scales as per the diagnosis. Multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess the differences in <jats:italic>guna<\/jats:italic> scores between HCs and patients, and between patients with different diagnoses. A two-tailed Pearson correlation was performed between the <jats:italic>gunas<\/jats:italic> and psychometric scales. Results revealed that HCs had significantly higher <jats:italic>sattva<\/jats:italic> traits as compared to patients (except those with OCD). Each psychiatric diagnosis also showed a specific <jats:italic>guna<\/jats:italic> configuration: (1) Anxiety disorders and OCD: High <jats:italic>sattva-rajas<\/jats:italic>, low <jats:italic>tamas<\/jats:italic>; (2) Depression: High <jats:italic>sattva-tamas<\/jats:italic>, low <jats:italic>rajas<\/jats:italic>; (3) Psychotic disorders (SCZ\/BPAD): High <jats:italic>tamo-rajas<\/jats:italic>, low <jats:italic>sattva<\/jats:italic>. Significant positive correlations were observed between <jats:italic>rajas<\/jats:italic> traits and anxiety\/OC\/positive psychotic symptoms, negative psychotic symptoms and <jats:italic>tamas<\/jats:italic> traits, and <jats:italic>sattva<\/jats:italic> traits and OC symptoms. This finding has clinical implications, both to develop ways of predicting outcomes of psychiatric disorders, as well as to develop psycho-therapeutic and lifestyle interventions targeting the <jats:italic>gunas<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1075060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T14:00:05Z","timestamp":1675260005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Composition of yoga-philosophy based mental traits (Gunas) in major psychiatric disorders: A trans-diagnostic approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hemant","family":"Bhargav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najla","family":"Eiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishitha","family":"Jasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharath","family":"Holla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Arasappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naren P.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivarama","family":"Varambally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.N.","family":"Gangadhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matcheri S.","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Sattwa, Rajas & Tamas (SRT) factors in depression","volume":"3","author":"Anoop Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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