{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:11:26Z","timestamp":1785499886292,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guilt is an important part of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. The abnormal moral cognition of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder patients may be closely related to their high level of guilt. The purpose of this study was to explore the development level of moral judgment in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and the role of parenting style and perfectionism in moral judgment development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the clinical psychology department of a Class III hospital in Beijing. The patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder were recruited, and the healthy control subjects were recruited at the same time. Questionnaires were used to collect data, including the Yale-Brown Compulsion Scale, the Moral Judgment Test, the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale, and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 231 patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and 246 healthy controls were included. The results showed that, first, the obsessive\u2013compulsive group scored significantly lower on moral judgment than the healthy control group. Second, the tendency of non-adaptive perfectionism was significantly higher in the obsessive\u2013compulsive group than in the healthy control group. Third, parents\u2019 excessive control, denial, punishment, and other parenting styles and non-adaptive perfectionism are higher than those of healthy people. Fourthly, the mother of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder patients is overly interference and protective. Rejection, denial, punishment, harshness, and father\u2019s rejection and denial play a partial mediating role in moral judgment ability through the degree of non-adaptive perfectionism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development level of moral judgment ability of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder was significantly lower than that of the normal group, and the level of non-adaptive perfectionism was significantly higher than that of the normal group. Parents of obsessive\u2013compulsive patients use more high-pressure control education. Parenting style partially affects the moral judgment of obsessive\u2013compulsive patients through the degree of non-adaptive perfectionism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1133880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T07:13:03Z","timestamp":1677481983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The relationship between moral judgment ability, parenting style, and perfectionism in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder patients: A mediating analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kongmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianglin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanjie","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2019.100479","article-title":"Feared possible selves in cognitive-behavioral theory: an analysis of its historical and empirical context\uff0cand introduction of a working model","volume":"24","author":"Aardema","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03177-3","article-title":"Parental bonding styles in schizophrenia, depressive and bipolar patients: a comparative study","volume":"21","author":"Abbaspour","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2001.12.002","article-title":"Perceived parental rearing style in obsessive-compulsive disorder: relation to symptom dimensions","volume":"127","author":"Alonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.140","article-title":"From impulses to maladaptive actions: the insula is a neurobiological gate for the development of compulsive behavior","volume":"21","author":"Belin-Rauscent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1753942","article-title":"Impact of childhood maltreatment on obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity and treatment outcome","volume":"11","author":"Boger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.07.005","article-title":"Shame-proneness, guilt-proneness and anxiety symptoms: a meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"C\u00e2ndea","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.09.001","article-title":"The effects of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and disorder-relevant stimuli on the dynamics of selective attention","volume":"15","author":"De Putter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.02.002","article-title":"Obsessive compulsive disorder: a review of possible specific internal representations within a broader cognitive theory","volume":"25","author":"Doron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.06.002","article-title":"Shame- and guilt-proneness: relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample","volume":"24","author":"Fergus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0152.2016.03.007","article-title":"Moral aversion and its relationship with symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"42","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese J. Neuropsychiatric Disorders."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198404000-00004","article-title":"Families of origin in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"172","author":"Hoover","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30511-X","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.16128\/j.cnki.1005-3611.2017.05.037","article-title":"The influence of adult attachment on obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the mediating effect of negative perfectionism","volume":"5","author":"Huqiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.13342\/j.cnki.cjhp.2015.10.004","article-title":"Family dynamics and maternal parenting style in children with schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Junfeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.04.022","article-title":"Mapping cortical and subcortical asymmetry in obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA consortium","volume":"87","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS","article-title":"Anxiety and DSM-5","volume":"17","author":"Kupfer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"25","article-title":"Dynamic-structural attitude unit: Concept and measurement","volume-title":"In European Symposium on Concept Formation and Measurement in Rome","author":"Lind","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.13342\/j.cnki.cjhp.2022.02.023","article-title":"Mediating effect of personality between negative life events and suicidal ideation in college students","volume":"2","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese J. Mental Health."},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.05.006","article-title":"Disgust proneness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a clinical sample: structural differentiation from negative affect","volume":"25","author":"Olatunji","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5964\/ejoP.v14i1.1252","article-title":"Social support and symptom severity among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder or panic disorder with agoraphobia: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Palardy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.33.1.58","article-title":"Examining the relationships between perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions among rural veterans","volume":"33","author":"Raines","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Psychother."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421000195","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of adolescent obsessive-compulsive personality traits and obsessive-compulsive symptoms from growth trajectories of perfectionism","volume":"34","author":"Sameto\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"22","article-title":"The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.16128\/j.cnki.1005-3611.2010.05.011","article-title":"Intervention effect of group psychological counseling on compulsive symptoms of college students","volume":"18","author":"Shuanghu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1674-6554.2016.11.004","article-title":"The effect of neuroticism on memory and the mediating effect of depression in patients with first-episode depression","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese J. Behavioral Med. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref1004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6729.2010.12.011","article-title":"A case-control study of perfectionism and defensive style in compulsive disorder [J]","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mental. Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12133","article-title":"Adolescent perfectionism: structural features of the frost multidimensional perfectionism scale and correlates with attachment and psychopathology","volume":"90","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6729.2017.10.007","article-title":"Mediating effect of personality traits between early trauma and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)","volume":"31","author":"Tingting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese J. Mental Health."},{"key":"ref1002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102187","article-title":"Attachment in OCD: A meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.083","article-title":"Perfectionism and difficulty controlling thoughts bridge eating disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms: a network analysis","volume":"283","author":"Vanzhula","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref1003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g2183","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2183","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"348","author":"Veale","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-0369.2016.13.029","article-title":"Investigation of family environment and parent education fashions for patients with obsessive - compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medical J. Chinese People\u2019s Health."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.16128\/j.cnki.1005-3611.2005.03.039","article-title":"Review on developmental models of perfectionism","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psycholog. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-9572.2012.11.017","article-title":"A study on the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder, coping style, family environment and parenting style in college students [J]","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J General Medicine"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2807","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and maladaptive perfectionism as maintenance factors for eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2006.06.001","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3321\/j","article-title":"Self-esteem and self-harmony of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1003-5184.2006.02.013","article-title":"A study on the moral judgment ability of adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exploration of Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"91","article-title":"An analysis on the new development of the relationship research between moral judgment and moral behavior","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stud. Foreign Educ."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3969\/j","article-title":"Correlation between the dimensions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive beliefs","volume":"45","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Neuropsychiatric Disorders."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"97","article-title":"Preliminary revision of EMBU and its application in neurotic patients","volume":"3","author":"Yue","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2017.38.1.34","article-title":"Attachment style and resiliency in patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder","volume":"38","author":"Zakiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Family Med."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4679(200609)55:9<1051::aid-jclp3>3.0.co;2-1","article-title":"The Chinese frost multidimensional perfectionism scale: an examination of its reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Zi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psych."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1133880\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T07:13:29Z","timestamp":1677482009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1133880\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1133880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1133880","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"article-number":"1133880"}}